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The Comic English Grammar
The Comic English Grammar

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of The Comic English Grammar is here in full — 12 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/2 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OF CONJUNCTIONS.
A Conjunction means literally, a union or meeting together.
An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.
They are chiefly of two sorts, the Copulative and Disjunctive.
The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Comic English Grammar

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of The Comic English Grammar is here in full — 12 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/2 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OF CONJUNCTIONS.
/ʌv kənˈdʒʌŋkʃənz/
Line 2
A Conjunction means literally, a union or meeting together.
/ə kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən miːnz ˈlɪtərəli ə ˈjuːnjən ɔːr ˈmiːtɪŋ təˈɡeðər/
Line 3
An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.
Line 4
They are chiefly of two sorts, the Copulative and Disjunctive.
Line 5
The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Conjunction noun US /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

the temporal property of two things happening at the same time

From this reading “A Conjunction means literally, a union or meeting together.”

conjunctions noun US /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃənz/

plural of “conjunction” — the temporal property of two things happening at the same time

From this reading “OF CONJUNCTIONS.”

connect verb US /kəˈnekt/

connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces

From this reading “An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.”

continuation noun US /kənˌtɪnjuːˈeɪʃən/

the act of continuing an activity without interruption

From this reading “The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.””

Gill noun US /ɡɪl/

a British imperial capacity unit (liquid or dry) equal to 5 fluid ounces or 142.066 cubic centimeters

From this reading “The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.””

Gubbins noun US /ˈɡʌbɪnz/

something unspecified whose name is either forgotten or not known

From this reading “The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.””

joining noun US /ˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/

the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication)

From this reading “An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.”

thirsty adjective US /ˈθɜːrsti/

needing moisture

From this reading “The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sing a song verb + article + noun counted as “sing … song”

In this reading “The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.””

went up verb + adjective counted as “go up”

move upward

In this reading “The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.””

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A Conjunction means literally, a union or meeting together.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading They are chiefly of two sorts, the Copulative and Disjunctive.

CitynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

ConjunctionnounUS /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

the temporal property of two things happening at the same time

From this reading A Conjunction means literally, a union or meeting together.

CONJUNCTIONSnounUS /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃənz/

plural of “conjunction” — the temporal property of two things happening at the same time

From this reading OF CONJUNCTIONS.

connectverbUS /kəˈnekt/

connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

continuationnounUS /kənˌtɪnjuːˈeɪʃən/

the act of continuing an activity without interruption

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

Copulativenoun

an equating verb (such as “be” or “become”) that links the subject with the complement of a sentence

From this reading They are chiefly of two sorts, the Copulative and Disjunctive.

Disjunctiveadjective

serving or tending to divide or separate

From this reading They are chiefly of two sorts, the Copulative and Disjunctive.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

GiantnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənt/

any creature of exceptional size

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

GillnounUS /ɡɪl/

a British imperial capacity unit (liquid or dry) equal to 5 fluid ounces or 142.066 cubic centimeters

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

Gog

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

GubbinsnounUS /ˈɡʌbɪnz/

something unspecified whose name is either forgotten or not known

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

HillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

ill-assorted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

JacknounUS /dʒæk/

a small worthless amount

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

joiningnounUS /ˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/

the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication)

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

literallyadverbUS /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading A Conjunction means literally, a union or meeting together.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading A Conjunction means literally, a union or meeting together.

meetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading A Conjunction means literally, a union or meeting together.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OF CONJUNCTIONS.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A Conjunction means literally, a union or meeting together.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

sentencenounUS /ˈsentəns/

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

sentencesnounUS /ˈsentənsəz/

plural of “sentence” — a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

singverbUS /sɪŋ/

deliver by singing

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading They are chiefly of two sorts, the Copulative and Disjunctive.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are chiefly of two sorts, the Copulative and Disjunctive.

thirstyadjectiveUS /ˈθɜːrsti/

needing moisture

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading A Conjunction means literally, a union or meeting together.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading They are chiefly of two sorts, the Copulative and Disjunctive.

unionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading A Conjunction means literally, a union or meeting together.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The Copulative Conjunction is employed for the connection or continuation of a sentence: as, “Jack _and_ Gill went up the Hill,” “I will sing a song _if_ Gubbins will,” “A thirsty man is like a City Giant, _because_ he is a Gog for drink.”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading An ill-assorted marriage is But our conjunctions are used to connect words and sentences, and have nothing to do with the joining of hands.

Chapter 13 of The Comic English Grammar by Percival Leigh holds 12 sentences, grouped into 3 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of The Comic English Grammar contain?

Chapter 13 holds 12 sentences of The Comic English Grammar, unabridged, divided into 3 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of The Comic English Grammar by Percival Leigh exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 12 sentences, grouped into 3 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of The Comic English Grammar?

Work through the 3 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 3 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Comic English Grammar

Common questions about reading The Comic English Grammar by Percival Leigh on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Comic English Grammar?

Yes. All 2141 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43397 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Comic English Grammar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43397, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Comic English Grammar take to read?

About 178 minutes of reading across 429 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Comic English Grammar section by section

How to work through The Comic English Grammar section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Comic English Grammar

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Comic English Grammar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Comic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Comic English Grammar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Comic English Grammar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grammar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Comic English Grammar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Comic English Grammar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.