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The Comic English Grammar
The Comic English Grammar

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Comic English Grammar is here in full — 452 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Comic English Grammar
Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SYNTAX.
“Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!
* * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.
Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.
“Where are we now, coachman?”
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Comic English Grammar

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Comic English Grammar is here in full — 452 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SYNTAX.
/ˈsɪntæks/
Line 2
“Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!
Line 3
* * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.
Line 4
Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.
Line 5
“Where are we now, coachman?”
/wer ɑːr wiː naʊ ˈkoʊtʃmən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blush verb US /blʌʃ/

turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

From this reading “Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.”

coachman noun US /ˈkoʊtʃmən/

a man who drives a coach (or carriage)

From this reading ““Where are we now, coachman?””

ignorance noun US /ˈɪɡnərəns/

the lack of knowledge or education

From this reading “Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.”

reader noun US /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading ““Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!”

spelling noun US /ˈspelɪŋ/

forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage

From this reading “Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.”

syntax noun US /ˈsɪntæks/

the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences

From this reading “SYNTAX.”

thrashed verb US /θræʃt/

past form of “thrash” — give a thrashing to; beat hard

From this reading “Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.”

unable adjective US /əˈneɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) not having the necessary means or skill or know-how

From this reading “Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

young ladies adjective + noun counted as “young lady”

a young female

In this reading “Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.”

quite ready adverb + adjective

In this reading ““Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading * * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading “Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

asterisks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.

blushverbUS /blʌʃ/

turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

coachmannounUS /ˈkoʊtʃmən/

a man who drives a coach (or carriage)

From this reading “Where are we now, coachman?”

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

Don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading * * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.

harmnounUS /hɑːrm/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading * * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading “Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!

ignorancenounUS /ˈɪɡnərəns/

the lack of knowledge or education

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading * * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading * * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading “Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

ostler's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading “Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading “Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading “Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading “Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading * * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.

spellingnounUS /ˈspelɪŋ/

forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading * * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.

SYNTAXnounUS /ˈsɪntæks/

the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences

From this reading SYNTAX.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading * * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading “Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!

there's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

thrashedverbUS /θræʃt/

past form of “thrash” — give a thrashing to; beat hard

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading * * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.

unableadjectiveUS /əˈneɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) not having the necessary means or skill or know-how

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading * * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading “Where are we now, coachman?”

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading * * * *” The asterisks are intended to stand for a word used in speaking to horses.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Now then, reader, if you are quite ready, we are--All right!

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Don’t blush, young ladies; there’s not a shadow of harm in it: but as to spelling it, we are as unable to do so as the ostler’s boy was, who was thrashed for his ignorance by his father.

Chapter 16 of The Comic English Grammar by Percival Leigh holds 452 sentences, grouped into 91 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Comic English Grammar contain?

Chapter 16 holds 452 sentences of The Comic English Grammar, unabridged, divided into 91 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Comic English Grammar by Percival Leigh exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 452 sentences, grouped into 91 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Comic English Grammar?

Work through the 91 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 91 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Comic English Grammar

Common questions about reading The Comic English Grammar by Percival Leigh on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Comic English Grammar?

Yes. All 2141 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43397 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Comic English Grammar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43397, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Comic English Grammar take to read?

About 178 minutes of reading across 429 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Comic English Grammar section by section

How to work through The Comic English Grammar section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of The Comic English Grammar to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Comic English Grammar

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Comic English Grammar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Comic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Comic English Grammar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Comic English Grammar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Grammar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Comic English Grammar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Comic English Grammar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.