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The Comic Latin Grammar
The Comic Latin Grammar

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Comic Latin Grammar is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Comic Latin Grammar
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.
By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.
Much may be said on both sides.
Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.
Yet honesty is said to be the best policy.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Comic Latin Grammar

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Comic Latin Grammar is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.
Line 2
By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.
/baɪ ðɪs kɔːrs ʌv ˈkɑːndəkt juː ˈsɜːrtənli ˈrendər jərˈself ˈwɜːr.ði ʌv ðə prəˈtekʃən ʌv ðə ˈmædʒəstreɪt ˌɔːlˈðoʊ ˈweðər juː ˈðerˈbaɪ ˈkɑːnstətuːt jərˈself ə flæt ɔːr nɑːt ɪz pərˈhæps ə ˈdaʊtfəl ˈkwestʃən/
Line 3
Much may be said on both sides.
/mʌtʃ meɪ biː sed ɑːn boʊθ saɪdz/
Line 4
Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.
/dɪˈsɑːnəsti ɪt ɪz truː meɪ led tuː ˈbiːɪŋ ˈteɪkən ʌp bʌt ðen ˈɑːnəsti ˈɔːfən liːdz tuː ˈbiːɪŋ ˈteɪkən ɪn/
Line 5
Yet honesty is said to be the best policy.
/jet ˈɑːnəsti ɪz sed tuː biː ðə best ˈpɑːləsi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

constitute verb US /ˈkɑːnstətuːt/

form or compose

From this reading “By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.”

Dishonesty noun US /dɪˈsɑːnəsti/

the quality of being dishonest

From this reading “Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.”

doubtful adjective US /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading “By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.”

honesty noun US /ˈɑːnəsti/

the quality of being honest

From this reading “Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.”

leads noun US /liːdz/

plural of “lead” — an advantage held by a competitor in a race

From this reading “Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.”

magistrate noun US /ˈmædʒəstreɪt/

a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)

From this reading “By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.”

policy noun US /ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading “Yet honesty is said to be the best policy.”

thereby adverb US /ˈðerˈbaɪ/

by that means or because of that

From this reading “By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

agere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Much may be said on both sides.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Yet honesty is said to be the best policy.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Much may be said on both sides.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

constituteverbUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːt/

form or compose

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

DishonestynounUS /dɪˈsɑːnəsti/

the quality of being dishonest

From this reading Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

doubtfuladjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

honesta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

honestynounUS /ˈɑːnəsti/

the quality of being honest

From this reading Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.

leadsnounUS /liːdz/

plural of “lead” — an advantage held by a competitor in a race

From this reading Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.

magistratenounUS /ˈmædʒəstreɪt/

a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Much may be said on both sides.

MuchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Much may be said on both sides.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Much may be said on both sides.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

policynounUS /ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading Yet honesty is said to be the best policy.

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

refert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Much may be said on both sides.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Much may be said on both sides.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.

Tanti

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.

therebyadverbUS /ˈðerˈbaɪ/

by that means or because of that

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Tanti refert honesta agere; Of such consequence is it to do honest things.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Dishonesty, it is true, may lead to being taken up; but then honesty often leads to being taken _in_.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet honesty is said to be the best policy.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading By this course of conduct, you certainly render yourself worthy of the protection of the magistrate; although whether you thereby constitute yourself a flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question.

Chapter 4 of The Comic Latin Grammar by Percival Leigh holds 398 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Comic Latin Grammar contain?

Chapter 4 holds 398 sentences of The Comic Latin Grammar, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Comic Latin Grammar by Percival Leigh exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 398 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Comic Latin Grammar?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Comic Latin Grammar

Common questions about reading The Comic Latin Grammar by Percival Leigh on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Comic Latin Grammar?

Yes. All 1619 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #29456 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Comic Latin Grammar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #29456, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Comic Latin Grammar take to read?

About 134 minutes of reading across 324 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Comic Latin Grammar section by section

How to work through The Comic Latin Grammar section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Comic Latin Grammar

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Comic Latin Grammar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Letters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Comic Latin Grammar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Macron
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Comic Latin Grammar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Breve
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Comic Latin Grammar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Short
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Comic Latin Grammar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.