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The Coming Race
The Coming Race

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Coming Race is here in full — 20 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I now came in full sight of the building.
Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.
I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.
It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.
As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Coming Race

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Coming Race is here in full — 20 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I now came in full sight of the building.
/aɪ naʊ keɪm ɪn fʊl saɪt ʌv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ/
Line 2
Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.
/jes ɪt hæd bɪn meɪd baɪ hændz ənd ˈhɑːloʊd ˈpɑːrtli aʊt ʌv ə ɡreɪt rɑːk/
Line 3
I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.
/aɪ ʃʊd hæv səˈpoʊzd ɪt æt ðə fɜːrst ɡlæns tuː hæv bɪn ʌv ðə ˈɜːrliəst fɔːrm ʌv ɪˈdʒɪpʃən ˈɑːrkətektʃər/
Line 4
It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.
Line 5
As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

capitals noun US /ˈkæpətəlz/

plural of “capital” — assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading “It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.”

Corinthian noun US /kərˈɪnθiən/

a man devoted to the pursuit of pleasure

From this reading “As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.”

fantastically adverb US /fænˈtæstɪkli/

exceedingly; extremely

From this reading “It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.”

fronted verb US /ˈfrʌntɪd/

past form of “front” — be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to

From this reading “It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.”

hollowed verb US /ˈhɑːloʊd/

past form of “hollow” — remove the inner part or the core of

From this reading “Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.”

mimics noun US /ˈmɪmɪks/

plural of “mimic” — someone who mimics (especially an actor or actress)

From this reading “As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.”

ornamental noun US /ˌɔːrnəˈmentəl/

any plant grown for its beauty or ornamental value

From this reading “It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.”

tapering adjective US /ˈteɪpərɪŋ/

becoming gradually narrower

From this reading “It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

acanthusnoun

any plant of the genus Acanthus having large spiny leaves and spikes or white or purplish flowers; native to Mediterranean region but widely cultivated

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

allowsverbUS /əˈlaʊz/

third-person singular of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

aloe-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

architecturenounUS /ˈɑːrkətektʃər/

an architectural product or work

From this reading I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading I now came in full sight of the building.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading I now came in full sight of the building.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

capitalsnounUS /ˈkæpətəlz/

plural of “capital” — assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

columnsnounUS /ˈkɑːləmz/

plural of “column” — a line of units following one after another

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

CorinthiannounUS /kərˈɪnθiən/

a man devoted to the pursuit of pleasure

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.

EgyptiannounUS /ɪˈdʒɪpʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Egypt

From this reading I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.

fantasticallyadverbUS /fænˈtæstɪkli/

exceedingly; extremely

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

fern-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.

foliagenounUS /ˈfoʊlɪdʒ/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

frontedverbUS /ˈfrʌntɪd/

past form of “front” — be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading I now came in full sight of the building.

glanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.

gracefuladjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪsfəl/

characterized by beauty of movement, style, form, or execution

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.

hollowedverbUS /ˈhɑːloʊd/

past form of “hollow” — remove the inner part or the core of

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I now came in full sight of the building.

imitatedverbUS /ˈɪməteɪtɪd/

past form of “imitate” — reproduce someone's behavior or looks

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I now came in full sight of the building.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

leafnounUS /liːf/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

massiveadjectiveUS /ˈmæsɪv/

imposing in size or bulk or solidity

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

mimicsnounUS /ˈmɪmɪks/

plural of “mimic” — someone who mimics (especially an actor or actress)

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

neareradverbUS /ˈnɪrər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I now came in full sight of the building.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I now came in full sight of the building.

ornamentalnounUS /ˌɔːrnəˈmentəl/

any plant grown for its beauty or ornamental value

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

partlyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrtli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

perceivedadjectiveUS /pərˈsiːvd/

detected by instinct or inference rather than by recognized perceptual cues

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

plinths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading I now came in full sight of the building.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.

taperingadjectiveUS /ˈteɪpərɪŋ/

becoming gradually narrower

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I now came in full sight of the building.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I should have supposed it at the first glance to have been of the earliest form of Egyptian architecture.

upwardadjectiveUS /ˈʌpwərd/

directed up

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

vegetationnounUS /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃən/

all the plant life in a particular region or period

From this reading As the Corinthian capital mimics the leaf of the acanthus, so the capitals of these columns imitated the foliage of the vegetation neighbouring them, some aloe-like, some fern-like.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was fronted by huge columns, tapering upward from massive plinths, and with capitals that, as I came nearer, I perceived to be more ornamental and more fantastically graceful that Egyptian architecture allows.

YesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading Yes, it had been made by hands, and hollowed partly out of a great rock.

Chapter 4 of The Coming Race by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 20 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Coming Race contain?

Chapter 4 holds 20 sentences of The Coming Race, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Coming Race by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 20 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Coming Race?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Coming Race

Common questions about reading The Coming Race by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Coming Race?

Yes. All 1750 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1951 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Coming Race is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1951, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Coming Race take to read?

About 145 minutes of reading across 350 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Coming Race section by section

How to work through The Coming Race section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of The Coming Race to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Coming Race

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Coming Race, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Native
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Coming Race; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
United
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Coming Race; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
States
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Coming Race; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
America
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Coming Race; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.