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The Commission in Lunacy
The Commission in Lunacy

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Commission in Lunacy is here in full — 151 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
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I will call for you.
Write down in your engagement book: To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.
Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.
The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.
Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Commission in Lunacy

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Commission in Lunacy is here in full — 151 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I will call for you.
/aɪ wɪl kɔːl fɔːr juː/
Line 2
Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.
Line 3
Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.
Line 4
The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.
Line 5
Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

button noun US /ˈbʌtən/

a round fastener sewn to shirts and coats etc to fit through buttonholes

From this reading “Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.”

complicated adjective US /ˈkɑːmpləkeɪtəd/

difficult to analyze or understand

From this reading “Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.”

cravat noun US /krəˈvæt/

A short, wide strip of silk fabric worn by gentlemen around the neck inside an open-collared shirt.

From this reading “Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.”

displaying verb US /dɪˈspleɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading “Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.”

stained adjective US /steɪnd/

marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter

From this reading “The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.”

stains noun US /steɪnz/

plural of “stain” — a soiled or discolored appearance

From this reading “Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.”

unadorned adjective US /ˌʌnəˈdɔːrnd/

not decorated with something to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading “The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.”

uncle's noun US /ˈʌŋkəlz/

possessive form of “uncle” — the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

Bianchon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

buttonnounUS /ˈbʌtən/

a round fastener sewn to shirts and coats etc to fit through buttonholes

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading “I will call for you.

clothnounUS /klɔːθ/

artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

complicatedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmpləkeɪtəd/

difficult to analyze or understand

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

cravatnounUS /krəˈvæt/

A short, wide strip of silk fabric worn by gentlemen around the neck inside an open-collared shirt.

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

crossingnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

d'Espard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

displayingverbUS /dɪˈspleɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

dustyadjectiveUS /ˈdʌsti/

covered with a layer of dust

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

engagementnounUS /enˈɡeɪdʒmənt/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “I will call for you.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

hidverbUS /hɪd/

inflected form of “hide” — prevent from being seen or discovered

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “I will call for you.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

laughnounUS /læf/

the sound of laughing

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

Lavienne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

MadamenounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

NextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

ninenounUS /naɪn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

permissionnounUS /pərˈmɪʃən/

approval to do something

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

Popinot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

pullverbUS /pʊl/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

secretsnounUS /ˈsiːkrəts/

plural of “secret” — something that should remain hidden from others (especially information that is not to be passed on)

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

stainedadjectiveUS /steɪnd/

marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

stainsnounUS /steɪnz/

plural of “stain” — a soiled or discolored appearance

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

staircasenounUS /ˈsterkeɪs/

a way of access (upward and downward) consisting of a set of steps

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

statementnounUS /ˈsteɪtmənt/

a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

tailorverbUS /ˈteɪlər/

adjust to a specific need or market

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

To-morrow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

unadornedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈdɔːrnd/

not decorated with something to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

unclenounUS /ˈʌŋkəl/

the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

uncle'snounUS /ˈʌŋkəlz/

possessive form of “uncle” — the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The coat Lavienne had ordered of the tailor had not been sent, so Popinot put on his old stained coat, and was the Popinot unadorned whose appearance made those laugh who did not know the secrets of his private life.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading “I will call for you.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Bianchon, however, obtained permission to pull his cravat straight, and to button his coat, and he hid the stains by crossing the breast of it with the right side over the left, and so displaying the new front of the cloth.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Next evening at nine Bianchon mounted his uncle’s dusty staircase, and found him at work on the statement of some complicated judgment.

WriteverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “I will call for you.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Write down in your engagement book: ‘To-morrow evening at nine, Madame d’Espard.’--Good!” said Bianchon, seeing his uncle make a note of the engagement.

Chapter 4 of The Commission in Lunacy by Honoré de Balzac holds 151 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Commission in Lunacy contain?

Chapter 4 holds 151 sentences of The Commission in Lunacy, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Commission in Lunacy by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 151 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Commission in Lunacy?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Commission in Lunacy

Common questions about reading The Commission in Lunacy by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Commission in Lunacy?

Yes. All 1150 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1410 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Commission in Lunacy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1410, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Commission in Lunacy take to read?

About 95 minutes of reading across 230 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Commission in Lunacy section by section

How to work through The Commission in Lunacy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Commission in Lunacy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Commission in Lunacy

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Commission in Lunacy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Clock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Commission in Lunacy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Commission in Lunacy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Persons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Commission in Lunacy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Large
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Commission in Lunacy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.