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The Commission in Lunacy
The Commission in Lunacy

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Commission in Lunacy is here in full — 134 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Commission in Lunacy
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”
So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.
Yes, monsieur.”
Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.
Noel, you can go,” said he to his clerk.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Commission in Lunacy

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Commission in Lunacy is here in full — 134 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”
Line 2
So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.
Line 3
Yes, monsieur.”
/jes məˈsjɜːr/
Line 4
Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.
Line 5
Noel, you can go,” said he to his clerk.
/noʊˈel juː kæn ɡoʊ sed hiː tuː hɪz klɜːrk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

controlling adjective US /kənˈtroʊlɪŋ/

able to control or determine policy

From this reading ““So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.”

expressive adjective US /ɪkˈspresɪv/

characterized by expression

From this reading “Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.”

motives noun US /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading ““So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.”

narrative noun US /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading ““So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.”

Noel noun US /noʊˈel/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading ““Noel, you can go,” said he to his clerk.”

payments noun US /ˈpeɪmənts/

plural of “payment” — a sum of money paid or a claim discharged

From this reading ““These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.””

retirement noun US /riˈtaɪərmənt/

the state of being retired from one's business or occupation

From this reading ““So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.”

shrug noun US /ʃrʌɡ/

a gesture involving the shoulders

From this reading “Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.”

All words in this reading · 48

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading “Noel, you can go,” said he to his clerk.

clerknounUS /klɜːrk/

an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading “Noel, you can go,” said he to his clerk.

controllingadjectiveUS /kənˈtroʊlɪŋ/

able to control or determine policy

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

d'Espard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.

emotionnounUS /ɪˈmoʊʃən/

any strong feeling

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

expressiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspresɪv/

characterized by expression

From this reading Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading “Noel, you can go,” said he to his clerk.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading “Noel, you can go,” said he to his clerk.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.

Jeanrenaud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

judgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

MadamenounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

monsieurnounUS /məˈsjɜːr/

used as a French courtesy title; equivalent to English “Mr”

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

motivesnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.

NoelnounUS /noʊˈel/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading “Noel, you can go,” said he to his clerk.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.

paymentsnounUS /ˈpeɪmənts/

plural of “payment” — a sum of money paid or a claim discharged

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

Popinot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

retirementnounUS /riˈtaɪərmənt/

the state of being retired from one's business or occupation

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

shrugnounUS /ʃrʌɡ/

a gesture involving the shoulders

From this reading Popinot gave an expressive shrug; he rose and opened the door into the next room.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “These, monsieur, are the reasons for the payments made to Madame Jeanrenaud and her son.”

YesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading “Yes, monsieur.”

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Noel, you can go,” said he to his clerk.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “So Madame d’Espard knew the motives of your retirement?” said the judge, controlling the emotion he felt at this narrative.

Chapter 8 of The Commission in Lunacy by Honoré de Balzac holds 134 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Commission in Lunacy contain?

Chapter 8 holds 134 sentences of The Commission in Lunacy, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Commission in Lunacy by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 134 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Commission in Lunacy?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Commission in Lunacy

Common questions about reading The Commission in Lunacy by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Commission in Lunacy?

Yes. All 1150 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1410 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Commission in Lunacy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1410, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Commission in Lunacy take to read?

About 95 minutes of reading across 230 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Commission in Lunacy section by section

How to work through The Commission in Lunacy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Commission in Lunacy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Commission in Lunacy

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Commission in Lunacy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Clock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Commission in Lunacy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Commission in Lunacy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Persons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Commission in Lunacy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Large
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Commission in Lunacy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.