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The Common Sense of Socialism A Series
The Common Sense of Socialism A Series

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.
Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.
It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:
The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.
It is the result of long centuries of growth and development.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Common Sense of Socialism A Series

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.
/ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm ðen ɪz ə fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi ʌv ˈhjuːmən ˈprɑːɡres ə ˈθɪri ʌv ˈsoʊʃəl ˌevəˈluːʃən ðə meɪn ˈaʊtlaɪnz ʌv wɪtʃ aɪ hæv ɔːlˈredi sketʃt fɔːr juː/
Line 2
Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.
/bɪˈkɔːz ðə səbˈdʒekt ɪz ˈtriːtɪd æt mʌtʃ ˈɡreɪtər leŋkθ ɪn sʌm ʌv ðə bʊks aɪ hæv æskt juː tuː red ɪt ɪz nɑːt ˈnesəseri fɔːr miː tuː ɪˈlæbrət ðə ˈθɪri/
Line 3
It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:
/ɪt wɪl biː səˈfɪʃənt ˈprɑːbəbliː fɔːr miː tuː riˈsteɪt ɪn ə ˈveri fjuː wɜːrdz ðə meɪn ˈprɪnsəpəlz ʌv ðæt ˈθɪri/
Line 4
The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.
/ðə ˈprezənt ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsɪstəm θruːˈaʊt ðə ˈsɪvəlaɪzd wɜːrld ɪz nɑːt ðə rɪˈzʌlt ʌv dɪˈlɪbərətli ˈkɑːpiɪŋ sʌm plæn dɪˈvaɪzd baɪ waɪz men/
Line 5
It is the result of long centuries of growth and development.
/ɪt ɪz ðə rɪˈzʌlt ʌv lɔːŋ ˈsentʃəriz ʌv ɡroʊθ ənd dɪˈveləpmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

civilized adjective US /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/

having a high state of culture and development both social and technological

From this reading “The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.”

copying noun US /ˈkɑːpiɪŋ/

an act of copying

From this reading “The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.”

devised verb US /dɪˈvaɪzd/

past form of “devise” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading “The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.”

evolution noun US /ˌevəˈluːʃən/

a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

From this reading “Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.”

outlines noun US /ˈaʊtlaɪnz/

plural of “outline” — the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading “Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.”

restate verb US /riˈsteɪt/

to say, state, or perform again

From this reading “It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:”

sketched verb US /sketʃt/

past form of “sketch” — make a sketch of

From this reading “Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.”

Socialism noun US /ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm/

a political theory advocating state ownership of industry

From this reading “Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is the result of long centuries of growth and development.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:

BecauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading It is the result of long centuries of growth and development.

civilizedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/

having a high state of culture and development both social and technological

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

copyingnounUS /ˈkɑːpiɪŋ/

an act of copying

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

deliberatelyadverbUS /dɪˈlɪbərətli/

with intention; in an intentional manner

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading It is the result of long centuries of growth and development.

devisedverbUS /dɪˈvaɪzd/

past form of “devise” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

elaborateadjectiveUS /ɪˈlæbrət/

marked by complexity and richness of detail

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

evolutionnounUS /ˌevəˈluːʃən/

a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading It is the result of long centuries of growth and development.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It is the result of long centuries of growth and development.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

outlinesnounUS /ˈaʊtlaɪnz/

plural of “outline” — the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

planverbUS /plæn/

have the will and intention to carry out some action

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

restateverbUS /riˈsteɪt/

to say, state, or perform again

From this reading It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

sketchedverbUS /sketʃt/

past form of “sketch” — make a sketch of

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

SocialismnounUS /ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm/

a political theory advocating state ownership of industry

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

treatedadjectiveUS /ˈtriːtɪd/

subjected to a physical (or chemical) treatment or action or agent

From this reading Because the subject is treated at much greater length in some of the books I have asked you to read, it is not necessary for me to elaborate the theory.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading It will be sufficient, probably, for me to restate, in a very few words, the main principles of that theory:

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The present social system throughout the civilized world is not the result of deliberately copying some plan devised by wise men.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Socialism then, is a philosophy of human progress, a theory of social evolution, the main outlines of which I have already sketched for you.

Chapter 4 of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series by John Spargo holds 406 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series contain?

Chapter 4 holds 406 sentences of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series by John Spargo exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 406 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Common Sense of Socialism A Series

Common questions about reading The Common Sense of Socialism A Series by John Spargo on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series?

Yes. All 2393 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24340 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24340, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Common Sense of Socialism A Series take to read?

About 199 minutes of reading across 479 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Common Sense of Socialism A Series

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Common Sense of Socialism A Series, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Obvious
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Typographical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corrected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Common Sense of Socialism A Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.