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The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade
The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade is here in full — 190 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade
Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A CHARITABLE LADY.
If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.
And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.
Something thus now, to all appearance, with the man in gray.
Society his stimulus, loneliness was his lethargy.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade is here in full — 190 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A CHARITABLE LADY.
/ə ˈtʃærətəbəl ˈleɪdi/
Line 2
If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.
Line 3
And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.
/ənd ðɪs wɪˈθaʊt ˈpredʒədɪs tuː hɪz ˈɡreɪtli ˌɪmˈpruːvd ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ fɔːr ɪf hɪz ɪˈleɪʃən wɑːz ðə haɪt ʌv hɪz ˈmædnəs hɪz dɪˈspɑːndənsi ɪz bʌt ðə ekˈstriːm ʌv hɪz ˈsænəti/
Line 4
Something thus now, to all appearance, with the man in gray.
/ˈsʌmθɪŋ ðʌs naʊ tuː ɔːl əˈpɪrəns wɪð ðə mæn ɪn ɡreɪ/
Line 5
Society his stimulus, loneliness was his lethargy.
/səˈsaɪəti hɪz ˈstɪmjələs ˈloʊnlinəs wɑːz hɪz ˈleθərdʒi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

despondency noun US /dɪˈspɑːndənsi/

feeling downcast and disheartened and hopeless

From this reading “And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.”

drunkard noun US /ˈdrʌŋkərd/

a chronic drinker

From this reading “If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.”

dullest adjective US /ˈdʌləst/

superlative of “dull” — lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading “If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.”

elation noun US /ɪˈleɪʃən/

an exhilarating psychological state of pride and optimism; an absence of depression

From this reading “And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.”

enthusiast noun US /enˈθuːziæst/

an ardent and enthusiastic supporter of some person or activity

From this reading “If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.”

lethargy noun US /ˈleθərdʒi/

a state of comatose torpor (as found in sleeping sickness)

From this reading “Society his stimulus, loneliness was his lethargy.”

sanity noun US /ˈsænəti/

normal or sound powers of mind

From this reading “And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.”

stimulus noun US /ˈstɪmjələs/

any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action

From this reading “Society his stimulus, loneliness was his lethargy.”

All words in this reading · 49

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A CHARITABLE LADY.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Something thus now, to all appearance, with the man in gray.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Something thus now, to all appearance, with the man in gray.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

CHARITABLEadjectiveUS /ˈtʃærətəbəl/

relating to or characterized by charity

From this reading A CHARITABLE LADY.

despondencynounUS /dɪˈspɑːndənsi/

feeling downcast and disheartened and hopeless

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

drunkardnounUS /ˈdrʌŋkərd/

a chronic drinker

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

dullestadjectiveUS /ˈdʌləst/

superlative of “dull” — lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

elationnounUS /ɪˈleɪʃən/

an exhilarating psychological state of pride and optimism; an absence of depression

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

enthusiastnounUS /enˈθuːziæst/

an ardent and enthusiastic supporter of some person or activity

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

fitverbUS /fɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading Something thus now, to all appearance, with the man in gray.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

improvedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvd/

made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

LADYnounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading A CHARITABLE LADY.

lethargynounUS /ˈleθərdʒi/

a state of comatose torpor (as found in sleeping sickness)

From this reading Society his stimulus, loneliness was his lethargy.

livelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪvli/

full of life and energy

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

lonelinessnounUS /ˈloʊnlinəs/

the state of being alone in solitary isolation

From this reading Society his stimulus, loneliness was his lethargy.

madnessnounUS /ˈmædnəs/

obsolete terms for legal insanity

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Something thus now, to all appearance, with the man in gray.

mortalsnounUS /ˈmɔːrtəlz/

plural of “mortal” — a human being

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Something thus now, to all appearance, with the man in gray.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

prejudicenounUS /ˈpredʒədɪs/

a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

reason-fit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

sanitynounUS /ˈsænəti/

normal or sound powers of mind

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

soberadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊbər/

not affected by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

SocietynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading Society his stimulus, loneliness was his lethargy.

SomethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading Something thus now, to all appearance, with the man in gray.

stimulusnounUS /ˈstɪmjələs/

any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action

From this reading Society his stimulus, loneliness was his lethargy.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If a drunkard in a sober fit is the dullest of mortals, an enthusiast in a reason-fit is not the most lively.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Something thus now, to all appearance, with the man in gray.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

understandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Something thus now, to all appearance, with the man in gray.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading And this, without prejudice to his greatly improved understanding; for, if his elation was the height of his madness, his despondency is but the extreme of his sanity.

Chapter 4 of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade by Herman Melville holds 190 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade contain?

Chapter 4 holds 190 sentences of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade by Herman Melville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 190 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade

Common questions about reading The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade by Herman Melville on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade?

Yes. All 4679 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21816 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21816, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade take to read?

About 389 minutes of reading across 936 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Aboard
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mississippi
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sunrise
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.