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The Conquest of America
The Conquest of America

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Conquest of America is here in full — 32 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/6 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.
Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.
Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.
The New York _Tribune_, in a scathing attack upon the administration, said:
The blow has fallen and the United States is totally unprepared to meet it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Conquest of America

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Conquest of America is here in full — 32 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.
/ˈdʒɜːrmən ˌɪnˈveɪdərz draɪv ðə ˈaɪərn ˈɪntuː ðə soʊl ʌv ˌʌnpriˈperd əˈmerəkə ðə nekst wiːk wɑːz wʌn ʌv diːp hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən fɔːr ðə əˈmerəkən ˈpiːpəl/
Line 2
Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.
/ˈaʊər ɡreɪt fliːt ənd ˈaʊər ɡreɪt kəˈnæl wɪtʃ hæd kɑːst soʊ ˈmeni ˈhʌndrədz ʌv ˈmɪljənz ənd wɜːr səˈpoʊzd tuː ˌɡerənˈtiː ðə ˈseɪfti ʌv ˈaʊər koʊsts hæd feɪld ʌs ɪn ðɪs ˈaʊər ʌv ˈperəl/
Line 3
Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.
/ˈsekrəteri ˈældʒər ɪn ðə ˈspænɪʃ wɔːr ˈnevər rəˈsiːvd hæf ðə ˈpʌnɪʃmənt ðæt ðə pres naʊ hiːpt ɑːn ðə ˈlʌkləs əˈfɪʃəlz ʌv ðə wɔːr ənd ðə ˈneɪvi dɪˈpɑːrtmənts/
Line 4
The New York _Tribune_, in a scathing attack upon the administration, said:
/ðə nuː jɔːrk ˈtrɪbjuːn ɪn ə ˈskeɪðɪŋ əˈtæk əˈpɑːn ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən sed/
Line 5
The blow has fallen and the United States is totally unprepared to meet it.
/ðə bloʊ hæz ˈfɑːlən ənd ðə juːˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz ˈtoʊtəli ˌʌnpriˈperd tuː miːt ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alger noun US /ˈældʒər/

United States author of inspirational adventure stories for boys; virtue and hard work overcome poverty (1832-1899)

From this reading “Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.”

coasts noun US /koʊsts/

plural of “coast” — the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading “Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.”

Departments noun US /dɪˈpɑːrtmənts/

plural of “department” — a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading “Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.”

invaders noun US /ˌɪnˈveɪdərz/

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading “GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.”

luckless adjective US /ˈlʌkləs/

having or bringing misfortune

From this reading “Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.”

scathing adjective US /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/

marked by harshly abusive criticism

From this reading “The New York _Tribune_, in a scathing attack upon the administration, said:”

Tribune noun US /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

(ancient Rome) an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

unprepared adjective US /ˌʌnpriˈperd/

without preparation; not prepared for

From this reading “GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The New York _Tribune_, in a scathing attack upon the administration, said:

administrationnounUS /ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/

a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)

From this reading The New York _Tribune_, in a scathing attack upon the administration, said:

AlgernounUS /ˈældʒər/

United States author of inspirational adventure stories for boys; virtue and hard work overcome poverty (1832-1899)

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

AMERICAnounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading The New York _Tribune_, in a scathing attack upon the administration, said:

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading The blow has fallen and the United States is totally unprepared to meet it.

CanalnounUS /kəˈnæl/

(astronomy) an indistinct surface feature of Mars once thought to be a system of channels; they are now believed to be an optical illusion

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

coastsnounUS /koʊsts/

plural of “coast” — the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

costnounUS /kɑːst/

the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

DepartmentsnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənts/

plural of “department” — a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

DRIVEverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading The blow has fallen and the United States is totally unprepared to meet it.

fleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

GERMANnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

guaranteeverbUS /ˌɡerənˈtiː/

give surety or assume responsibility

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The blow has fallen and the United States is totally unprepared to meet it.

heapedverbUS /hiːpt/

past form of “heap” — bestow in large quantities

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

humiliationnounUS /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/

state of disgrace or loss of self-respect

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

hundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

INTOprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

INVADERSnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdərz/

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

IRONnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The blow has fallen and the United States is totally unprepared to meet it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The blow has fallen and the United States is totally unprepared to meet it.

lucklessadjectiveUS /ˈlʌkləs/

having or bringing misfortune

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading The blow has fallen and the United States is totally unprepared to meet it.

millionsnounUS /ˈmɪljənz/

plural of “million” — the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

NavynounUS /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The New York _Tribune_, in a scathing attack upon the administration, said:

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

officialsnounUS /əˈfɪʃəlz/

plural of “official” — a worker who holds or is invested with an office

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

perilnounUS /ˈperəl/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

pressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

punishmentnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

the act of punishing

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

safetynounUS /ˈseɪfti/

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The New York _Tribune_, in a scathing attack upon the administration, said:

scathingadjectiveUS /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/

marked by harshly abusive criticism

From this reading The New York _Tribune_, in a scathing attack upon the administration, said:

SecretarynounUS /ˈsekrəteri/

a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

SOULnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The blow has fallen and the United States is totally unprepared to meet it.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

totallyadverbUS /ˈtoʊtəli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The blow has fallen and the United States is totally unprepared to meet it.

TribunenounUS /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

(ancient Rome) an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

From this reading The New York _Tribune_, in a scathing attack upon the administration, said:

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading The blow has fallen and the United States is totally unprepared to meet it.

UNPREPAREDadjectiveUS /ˌʌnpriˈperd/

without preparation; not prepared for

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The New York _Tribune_, in a scathing attack upon the administration, said:

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Secretary Alger, in the Spanish War, never received half the punishment that the press now heaped on the luckless officials of the War and the Navy Departments.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading GERMAN INVADERS DRIVE THE IRON INTO THE SOUL OF UNPREPARED AMERICA The next week was one of deep humiliation for the American people.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Our great fleet and our great Canal, which had cost so many hundreds of millions and were supposed to guarantee the safety of our coasts, had failed us in this hour of peril.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading The New York _Tribune_, in a scathing attack upon the administration, said:

Chapter 4 of The Conquest of America by Cleveland Moffett holds 32 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Conquest of America contain?

Chapter 4 holds 32 sentences of The Conquest of America, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Conquest of America by Cleveland Moffett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 32 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Conquest of America?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The Conquest of America

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Conquest of America, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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