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The Conquest of America
The Conquest of America

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Conquest of America is here in full — 148 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.
There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.
This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.
Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.
In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Conquest of America

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The Conquest of America is here in full — 148 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.
Line 2
There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.
Line 3
This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.
Line 4
Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.
Line 5
In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

battalions noun US /bəˈtæljənz/

plural of “battalion” — an army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies

From this reading “There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.”

chlorine noun US /ˈklɔːrin/

a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)

From this reading “THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.”

militia noun US /məˈlɪʃə/

civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army

From this reading “Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.”

Potomac noun US /pəˈtoʊmək/

a river in the east central United States; rises in West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains and flows eastward, forming the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, to the Chesapeake Bay

From this reading “There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.”

traverse verb US /ˈtrævərs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading “In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.”

untried adjective US /ənˈtraɪd/

not tried or tested by experience

From this reading “Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.”

victories noun US /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading “This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.”

Wood's noun US /wʊdz/

possessive form of “wood” — the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

All words in this reading · 121

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

150,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

1921

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

60,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

advantagenounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

AEROPLANES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

attackingadjectiveUS /əˈtækɪŋ/

disposed to attack

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

battalionsnounUS /bəˈtæljənz/

plural of “battalion” — an army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

BATTLEnounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

Beauregard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

BlueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.

BULLnounUS /bʊl/

uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

CARRYINGverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

CHLORINEnounUS /ˈklɔːrin/

a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

droppingadjectiveUS /ˈdrɑːpɪŋ/

coming down freely under the influence of gravity

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

entrenchments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

fleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

GermansnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmənz/

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.

LeenounUS /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.

LIQUIDadjectiveUS /ˈlɪkwəd/

existing as or having characteristics of a liquid; especially tending to flow

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

Mackensen's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

Manassas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

matchedadjectiveUS /mætʃt/

provided with a worthy adversary or competitor

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

memorableadjectiveUS /ˈmemərəbəl/

worth remembering

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

militianounUS /məˈlɪʃə/

civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

necknounUS /nek/

the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body

From this reading In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

numberedverbUS /ˈnʌmbərd/

past form of “number” — add up in number or quantity

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

PotomacnounUS /pəˈtoʊmək/

a river in the east central United States; rises in West Virginia in the Appalachian Mountains and flows eastward, forming the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, to the Chesapeake Bay

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

Potomac's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.

preparationsnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “preparation” — the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

preparingverbUS /priˈperɪŋ/

-ing form of “prepare” — make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.

Remington

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

RidgenounUS /rɪdʒ/

a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

RUNverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

slopesnounUS /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

stretchingnounUS /ˈstretʃɪŋ/

act of expanding by lengthening or widening

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

THIRDnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

traverseverbUS /ˈtrævərs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

untriedadjectiveUS /ənˈtraɪd/

not tried or tested by experience

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

valiantadjUS /ˈvæl.jənt/

Possessing or showing courage or determination; heroic. (Dũng cảm, quả cảm, anh hùng.)

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

victoriesnounUS /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

von

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

Warrenton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading In order to reach Washington the Germans must traverse the neck of land that lies between the mountains and the Potomac’s broad arms.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Although General Wood’s forces numbered only 60,000 men, more than half of them militia, and although they were matched against an army of 150,000 Germans, the American commander had two points of advantage, his ten miles of entrenchments stretching from Remington to Warrenton along the steep slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains, and his untried but formidable preparations for dropping liquid chlorine from a fleet of aeroplanes upon an attacking army.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THIRD BATTLE OF BULL RUN WITH AEROPLANES CARRYING LIQUID CHLORINE I now come to those memorable weeks of November, 1921, which rank among the most important in American history.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading This might be called the third battle of Bull Run, since it was fought near Manassas where Beauregard and Lee won their famous victories.

Wood'snounUS /wʊdz/

possessive form of “wood” — the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading There was first the battle that had been preparing south of the Potomac between von Mackensen’s advancing battalions and General Wood’s valiant little army.

Chapter 21 of The Conquest of America by Cleveland Moffett holds 148 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Conquest of America contain?

Chapter 21 holds 148 sentences of The Conquest of America, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Conquest of America by Cleveland Moffett exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 148 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Conquest of America?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The Conquest of America

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