used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading But the Netherlands went a step farther.
from one side of something to the other
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading England was settling Virginia, and Smith, the pioneer of Virginia, who was Hudson’s personal friend, had explored the Chesapeake.
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
awakenedadjectiveUS /əˈweɪkənd/
aroused or activated
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition
From this reading To counteract Spain, colonizing became the master policy of Europe.
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading But the Netherlands went a step farther.
Chesapeake
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading England was settling Virginia, and Smith, the pioneer of Virginia, who was Hudson’s personal friend, had explored the Chesapeake.
colonialadjectiveUS /kəˈloʊniəl/
of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
colonizing
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading To counteract Spain, colonizing became the master policy of Europe.
counteractverbUS /ˈkaʊntərækt/
act in opposition to
From this reading To counteract Spain, colonizing became the master policy of Europe.
a division of the United Kingdom
From this reading England was settling Virginia, and Smith, the pioneer of Virginia, who was Hudson’s personal friend, had explored the Chesapeake.
the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
exploredverbUS /ɪkˈsplɔːrd/
past form of “explore” — inquire into
From this reading England was settling Virginia, and Smith, the pioneer of Virginia, who was Hudson’s personal friend, had explored the Chesapeake.
more distant in especially space or time
From this reading But the Netherlands went a step farther.
a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe
From this reading France was at work on the St. Lawrence.
a person you know well and regard with affection and trust
From this reading England was settling Virginia, and Smith, the pioneer of Virginia, who was Hudson’s personal friend, had explored the Chesapeake.
coins made of gold
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
greatnessnounUS /ˈɡreɪtnəs/
the property possessed by something or someone of outstanding importance or eminence
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
HudsonnounUS /ˈhʌdsən/
a New York river; flows southward into New York Bay; explored by Henry Hudson early in the 17th century
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
HUDSON'SnounUS /ˈhʌdsənz/
possessive form of “hudson” — a New York river; flows southward into New York Bay; explored by Henry Hudson early in the 17th century
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/
moving to the inside of something
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
immediately past
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
LawrencenounUS /ˈlɔːrəns/
Roman martyr; supposedly Lawrence was ordered by the police to give up the church's treasure and when he responded by presenting the poor people of Rome he was roasted to death on a gridiron (died in 258)
From this reading France was at work on the St. Lawrence.
an artist of consummate skill
From this reading To counteract Spain, colonizing became the master policy of Europe.
NetherlandsnounUS /ˈneðərləndz/
a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level
From this reading But the Netherlands went a step farther.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading France was at work on the St. Lawrence.
concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality
From this reading England was settling Virginia, and Smith, the pioneer of Virginia, who was Hudson’s personal friend, had explored the Chesapeake.
PerunounUS /pərˈuː/
a republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
phantomnounUS /ˈfæn.təm/
A ghost or apparition; a figment of the imagination or a hidden dweller.
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
pioneernounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/
someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art
From this reading England was settling Virginia, and Smith, the pioneer of Virginia, who was Hudson’s personal friend, had explored the Chesapeake.
PolaradjectiveUS /ˈpoʊlər/
having a pair of equal and opposite charges
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
policynounUS /ˈpɑːləsi/
a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group
From this reading To counteract Spain, colonizing became the master policy of Europe.
past form of “pour” — cause to run
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
pursuingadjectiveUS /pərˈsuːɪŋ/
following in order to overtake or capture or as accompaniment to such pursuit
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
settlingnounUS /ˈsetəlɪŋ/
a gradual sinking to a lower level
From this reading England was settling Virginia, and Smith, the pioneer of Virginia, who was Hudson’s personal friend, had explored the Chesapeake.
Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)
From this reading England was settling Virginia, and Smith, the pioneer of Virginia, who was Hudson’s personal friend, had explored the Chesapeake.
SpainnounUS /speɪn/
a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power
From this reading To counteract Spain, colonizing became the master policy of Europe.
Spain'snounUS /speɪnz/
possessive form of “spain” — a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
St
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading France was at work on the St. Lawrence.
any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal
From this reading But the Netherlands went a step farther.
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
one of three equal parts of a divisible whole
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
treasurynounUS /ˈtreʒəri/
the funds of a government or institution or individual
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/
a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War
From this reading England was settling Virginia, and Smith, the pioneer of Virginia, who was Hudson’s personal friend, had explored the Chesapeake.
an act of traveling by water
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically
From this reading But the Netherlands went a step farther.
WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/
during the time that
From this reading HUDSON’S THIRD VOYAGE While Hudson was pursuing his phantom across Polar seas, Europe had at last awakened to the secret of Spain’s greatness—colonial wealth that poured the gold of Peru into her treasury.
which person or people
From this reading England was settling Virginia, and Smith, the pioneer of Virginia, who was Hudson’s personal friend, had explored the Chesapeake.
exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity
From this reading France was at work on the St. Lawrence.
