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The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2)
The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2)
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.
These dividends were on capital that had been twice trebled.
The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.
French hunters had been penetrating America from the St. Lawrence.
Bering had discovered Alaska on the west for Russia.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.
Line 2
These dividends were on capital that had been twice trebled.
/ðiːz ˈdɪvədendz wɜːr ɑːn ˈkæpətəl ðæt hæd bɪn twaɪs ˈtrebəld/
Line 3
The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.
Line 4
French hunters had been penetrating America from the St. Lawrence.
Line 5
Bering had discovered Alaska on the west for Russia.
/ˈberɪŋ hæd dɪˈskʌvərd əˈlæskə ɑːn ðə west fɔːr ˈrʌʃə/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alaska noun US /əˈlæskə/

a state in northwestern North America; the 49th state admitted to the union

From this reading “Bering had discovered Alaska on the west for Russia.”

arouses verb US /ərˈaʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “arouse” — call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)

From this reading “1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.”

averaged verb US /ˈævrədʒd/

past form of “average” — amount to or come to an average, without loss or gain

From this reading “1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.”

Bering noun US /ˈberɪŋ/

Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait (1681-1741)

From this reading “Bering had discovered Alaska on the west for Russia.”

dividends noun US /ˈdɪvədendz/

plural of “dividend” — that part of the earnings of a corporation that is distributed to its shareholders; usually paid quarterly

From this reading “1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.”

sales noun US /seɪlz/

income (at invoice values) received for goods and services over some given period of time

From this reading “The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.”

subscribed adjective US /səbˈskraɪbd/

(of a contract or will or other document) having a signature written at the end

From this reading “The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.”

trebled verb US /ˈtrebəld/

past form of “treble” — sing treble

From this reading “These dividends were on capital that had been twice trebled.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

per cent preposition + noun

In this reading “1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.”

fifty years noun + noun

In this reading “1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.”

three times noun + noun

by a factor of three

In this reading “The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.”

on the west preposition + article + noun counted as “on … west”

In this reading “Bering had discovered Alaska on the west for Russia.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

1740

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

1770

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

20,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

30,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

7

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

ACTIVITYnounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

AdventurersnounUS /ædˈventʃərərz/

plural of “adventurer” — a person who enjoys taking risks

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

AlaskanounUS /əˈlæskə/

a state in northwestern North America; the 49th state admitted to the union

From this reading Bering had discovered Alaska on the west for Russia.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading French hunters had been penetrating America from the St. Lawrence.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

AROUSESverbUS /ərˈaʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “arouse” — call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

ARTHURnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

ATTACKnounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

averagedverbUS /ˈævrədʒd/

past form of “average” — amount to or come to an average, without loss or gain

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

BeringnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait (1681-1741)

From this reading Bering had discovered Alaska on the west for Russia.

BUTconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading These dividends were on capital that had been twice trebled.

cashnounUS /kæʃ/

money in the form of bills or coins

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

centnounUS /sent/

a fractional monetary unit of several countries

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

CHARTERverbUS /ˈtʃɑːrtər/

hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

CompanynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

COMPANY'SnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniz/

possessive form of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Bering had discovered Alaska on the west for Russia.

dividendsnounUS /ˈdɪvədendz/

plural of “dividend” — that part of the earnings of a corporation that is distributed to its shareholders; usually paid quarterly

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

DOBBS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

ENGLISHnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

FOUNDverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

FRENCHnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

furnounUS /fɜːr/

the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

huntersnounUS /ˈhʌntərz/

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading French hunters had been penetrating America from the St. Lawrence.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

LawrencenounUS /ˈlɔːrəns/

Roman martyr; supposedly Lawrence was ordered by the police to give up the church's treasure and when he responded by presenting the poor people of Rome he was roasted to death on a gridiron (died in 258)

From this reading French hunters had been penetrating America from the St. Lawrence.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

NOdeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

NORTHWESTnounUS /ˌnɔːrˈθwest/

the northwestern region of the United States

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

OPPOSITIONnounUS /ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃən/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

PASSAGEnounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

payingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪɪŋ/

yielding a fair profit

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

penetratingadjectiveUS /ˈpenətreɪtɪŋ/

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading French hunters had been penetrating America from the St. Lawrence.

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

PROSPERITYnounUS /prɑːˈsperəti/

an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

RENEWEDadjectiveUS /rɪˈnuːd/

restored to a new condition

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading Bering had discovered Alaska on the west for Russia.

salesnounUS /seɪlz/

income (at invoice values) received for goods and services over some given period of time

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

SPURnounUS /spɜːr/

a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading French hunters had been penetrating America from the St. Lawrence.

subscribedadjectiveUS /səbˈskraɪbd/

(of a contract or will or other document) having a signature written at the end

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These dividends were on capital that had been twice trebled.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

trebledverbUS /ˈtrebəld/

past form of “treble” — sing treble

From this reading These dividends were on capital that had been twice trebled.

twiceadverbUS /twaɪs/

two times

From this reading These dividends were on capital that had been twice trebled.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These dividends were on capital that had been twice trebled.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading Bering had discovered Alaska on the west for Russia.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

yearlynounUS /ˈjɪrli/

a reference book that is published regularly once every year

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading 1740-1770 THE COMPANY’S PROSPERITY AROUSES OPPOSITION—ARTHUR DOBBS AND THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE ATTACK ON THE CHARTER—NO NORTHWEST PASSAGE IS FOUND BUT THE FRENCH SPUR THE ENGLISH TO RENEWED ACTIVITY For fifty years, the Company had been paying dividends that never went lower than 7 per cent. and generally averaged 10.

yieldedverbUS /ˈjiːldɪd/

past form of “yield” — be the cause or source of

From this reading The yearly fur sales yielded from £20,000 to £30,000 to the Adventurers—twice and three times the original capital, which—it must be remembered—was not all subscribed in cash.

Chapter 18 of The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2) by Agnes C. Laut holds 144 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 18 holds 144 sentences of The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2) by Agnes C. Laut exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 144 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2)?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #69591, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 369 minutes of reading across 886 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Number
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Variants
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spelling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gayly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The conquest of the great Northwest, Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.