Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Cosmic Courtship
The Cosmic Courtship

Chapter XX · Rebellion

Chapter XX of The Cosmic Courtship, “Rebellion,” is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cosmic Courtship
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.
His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.
There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.
Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.
Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cosmic Courtship

Chapter XX · Rebellion

Chapter XX of The Cosmic Courtship, “Rebellion,” is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.
Line 2
His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.
/hɪz ruːl dɪˈspɑːtɪk ðoʊ ɪt wɑːz hæd ˈnevər bɪn friː frʌm ˈdɪfəkəltiz/
Line 3
There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.
Line 4
Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.
Line 5
Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.
/nɑːt ə fjuː ʌv ðiːz wɜːr men ʌv ˈpaʊərfəl ənd treɪnd maɪndz rɪˈzentfəl ʌv ˌɪntərˈfɪrəns wɪð ðer ˈfriːdəm ənd ˈoʊnli ˈniːdɪŋ æn ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd ˈliːdər ənd ˈtrʌstwɜːrði ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃən tuː rɪˈvoʊlt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

despotic adjective US /dɪˈspɑːtɪk/

belonging to or having the characteristics of a despot

From this reading “His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.”

dissatisfaction noun US /ˌdɪsætɪˈsfækʃən/

the feeling of being displeased and discontent

From this reading “Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.”

needing verb US /ˈniːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “need” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading “Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.”

occupying verb US /ˈɑːkjəpaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading “There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.”

outlaws noun US /ˈaʊtlɔːz/

plural of “outlaw” — someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

From this reading “Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.”

resentful adjective US /rɪˈzentfəl/

full of or marked by resentment or indignant ill will

From this reading “Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.”

restrictions noun US /riˈstrɪkʃənz/

plural of “restriction” — a principle that limits the extent of something

From this reading “Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.”

trustworthy adjective US /ˈtrʌstwɜːrði/

worthy of trust or belief

From this reading “Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

clenched fist adjective + noun

a hand with the fingers clenched in the palm (as for hitting)

In this reading “TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.”

free from verb + particle

In this reading “His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.”

on the table preposition + article + noun counted as “on … table”

able to be negotiated or arranged by compromise

In this reading “TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.”

by reason preposition + noun

In this reading “Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.”

two parties noun + noun counted as “two party”

In this reading “There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

acknowledgedadjectiveUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd/

recognized or made known or admitted

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

chinnounUS /tʃɪn/

the protruding part of the lower jaw

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

civilizedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/

having a high state of culture and development both social and technological

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

clenchedadjectiveUS /klentʃt/

closed or squeezed together tightly

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

comfortsnounUS /ˈkʌmfərts/

things that make you comfortable and at ease

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

committedadjectiveUS /kəˈmɪtɪd/

bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

crimesnounUS /kraɪmz/

plural of “crime” — (criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

despoticadjectiveUS /dɪˈspɑːtɪk/

belonging to or having the characteristics of a despot

From this reading His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.

dissatisfactionnounUS /ˌdɪsætɪˈsfækʃən/

the feeling of being displeased and discontent

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

elbownounUS /ˈelboʊ/

hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

enlightenedadjectiveUS /ˌenˈlaɪtənd/

having knowledge and spiritual insight

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

escapedadjectiveUS /ɪˈskeɪpt/

having escaped, especially from confinement

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

fistnounUS /fɪst/

a hand with the fingers clenched in the palm (as for hitting)

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.

globenounUS /ɡloʊb/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

interferencenounUS /ˌɪntərˈfɪrəns/

a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

leanedverbUS /liːnd/

past form of “lean” — to incline or bend from a vertical position

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

needingverbUS /ˈniːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “need” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

occupyingverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

organizationnounUS /ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃən/

a group of people who work together

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

outlawsnounUS /ˈaʊtlɔːz/

plural of “outlaw” — someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

partiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

problemsnounUS /ˈprɑːbləmz/

plural of “problem” — a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

punishmentnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

the act of punishing

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

resentfuladjectiveUS /rɪˈzentfəl/

full of or marked by resentment or indignant ill will

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

restrictionsnounUS /riˈstrɪkʃənz/

plural of “restriction” — a principle that limits the extent of something

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

revoltnounUS /rɪˈvoʊlt/

organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.

sacrificedverbUS /ˈsækrəfaɪst/

past form of “sacrifice” — endure the loss of

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

savageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

supportedadjectiveUS /səˈpɔːrtɪd/

sustained or maintained by aid (as distinct from physical support)

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

Torides

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

TORPEON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

trainedadjectiveUS /treɪnd/

shaped or conditioned or disciplined by training; often used as a combining form

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

trustworthyadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌstwɜːrði/

worthy of trust or belief

From this reading Not a few of these were men of powerful and trained minds, resentful of interference with their freedom, and only needing an acknowledged leader and trustworthy organization to revolt.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

tyrannousadjective

marked by unjust severity or arbitrary behavior

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading TORPEON, sitting alone in his official chamber, leaned his elbow on the table, his chin supported on his clenched fist, and bent his thoughts upon the problems before him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His rule, despotic though it was, had never been free from difficulties.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were two parties among the Torides—one occupying the savage portion of the globe; the other the enlightened or civilized regions.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Among the former were many outlaws—men who had either committed crimes against the state and had escaped from punishment; and also persons who had sacrificed such comforts as civilization afforded by reason of their dissatisfaction with the restrictions of a tyrannous government.

Chapter 20 of The Cosmic Courtship by Julian Hawthorne holds 95 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Cosmic Courtship contain?

Chapter 20 holds 95 sentences of The Cosmic Courtship, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Cosmic Courtship by Julian Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 95 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Cosmic Courtship?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cosmic Courtship

Common questions about reading The Cosmic Courtship by Julian Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cosmic Courtship?

Yes. All 3827 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #66349 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cosmic Courtship is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #66349, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cosmic Courtship take to read?

About 318 minutes of reading across 766 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cosmic Courtship section by section

How to work through The Cosmic Courtship section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of The Cosmic Courtship to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Cosmic Courtship

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cosmic Courtship, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cosmic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cosmic Courtship; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Courtship
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cosmic Courtship; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Julian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cosmic Courtship; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hawthorne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cosmic Courtship; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.