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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.
I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.
These people whom I see here are _not_ people.
None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.
And no one in that society will ever know what I am doing, living among these people.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.
Line 2
I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.
Line 3
These people whom I see here are _not_ people.
/ðiːz ˈpiːpəl huːm aɪ siː hiːr ɑːr nɑːt ˈpiːpəl/
Line 4
None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.
/nʌn ʌv ðem noʊ miː ənd nʌn ʌv ðem kæn ˈevər ˈentər ðə ˈmɑːskoʊ səˈsaɪəti aɪ wɑːz ɪn ɔːr faɪnd aʊt əˈbaʊt maɪ pæst/
Line 5
And no one in that society will ever know what I am doing, living among these people.”
/ənd noʊ wʌn ɪn ðæt səˈsaɪəti wɪl ˈevər noʊ wʌt aɪ æm ˈduːɪŋ ˈlɪvɪŋ əˈmʌŋ ðiːz ˈpiːpəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Caucasus noun US /ˈkɔːkəsəs/

the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia

From this reading “The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.”

Central adjective US /ˈsentrəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading “The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.”

lighter noun US /ˈlaɪtər/

a substance used to ignite or kindle a fire

From this reading “The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.”

memories noun US /ˈmɛm.ə.riz/

Recollections of past events.

From this reading “The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.”

Moscow noun US /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading “None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.”

occurred verb US /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading ““I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.”

Russia noun US /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading “The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.”

travelled adjective US /ˈtrævəld/

familiar with many parts of the world

From this reading “The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading And no one in that society will ever know what I am doing, living among these people.”

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading And no one in that society will ever know what I am doing, living among these people.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “These people whom I see here are _not_ people.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

CaucasusnounUS /ˈkɔːkəsəs/

the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

CentraladjectiveUS /ˈsentrəl/

serving as an essential component

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading And no one in that society will ever know what I am doing, living among these people.”

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading “These people whom I see here are _not_ people.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “These people whom I see here are _not_ people.

I'll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

lighternounUS /ˈlaɪtər/

a substance used to ignite or kindle a fire

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading And no one in that society will ever know what I am doing, living among these people.”

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

memoriesnounUS /ˈmɛm.ə.riz/

Recollections of past events.

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

MoscownounUS /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

neareradverbUS /ˈnɪrər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading And no one in that society will ever know what I am doing, living among these people.”

NonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “These people whom I see here are _not_ people.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

Olénin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading And no one in that society will ever know what I am doing, living among these people.”

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading “These people whom I see here are _not_ people.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading “These people whom I see here are _not_ people.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading None of them know me and none of them can ever enter the Moscow society I was in or find out about my past.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “These people whom I see here are _not_ people.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

travelledadjectiveUS /ˈtrævəld/

familiar with many parts of the world

From this reading The farther Olénin travelled from Central Russia the farther he left his memories behind, and the nearer he drew to the Caucasus the lighter his heart became.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “I’ll stay away for good and never return to show myself in society,” was a thought that sometimes occurred to him.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading And no one in that society will ever know what I am doing, living among these people.”

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “These people whom I see here are _not_ people.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading And no one in that society will ever know what I am doing, living among these people.”

Chapter 2 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 51 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 2 holds 51 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 51 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Common questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Yes. All 4174 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4761, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 take to read?

About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section

How to work through The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.