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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter IV

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.
The sun had sunk behind the mountains but it was still light.
The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.
The air was rarefied, motionless, and full of sound.
The shadow of the mountains reached for several miles over the steppe.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter IV

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.
Line 2
The sun had sunk behind the mountains but it was still light.
Line 3
The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.
Line 4
The air was rarefied, motionless, and full of sound.
Line 5
The shadow of the mountains reached for several miles over the steppe.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Against preposition US /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.”

Behind preposition US /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading “The sun had sunk behind the mountains but it was still light.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.”

Several noun US /ˈseveral/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The shadow of the mountains reached for several miles over the steppe.”

Shadow noun US /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading “The shadow of the mountains reached for several miles over the steppe.”

Sharply noun US /ˈsharply/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The sun had sunk behind the mountains but it was still light.”

Third noun US /third/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.”

Wonderful noun US /ˈwonderful/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.”

All words in this reading · 48

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

air

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The air was rarefied, motionless, and full of sound.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The sun had sunk behind the mountains but it was still light.

brilliancy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The sun had sunk behind the mountains but it was still light.

Caucasus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.

defined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

dull

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

evening

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

evenings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The shadow of the mountains reached for several miles over the steppe.

full

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The air was rarefied, motionless, and full of sound.

glow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The sun had sunk behind the mountains but it was still light.

immensity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

light

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun had sunk behind the mountains but it was still light.

miles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The shadow of the mountains reached for several miles over the steppe.

motionless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The air was rarefied, motionless, and full of sound.

mountains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun had sunk behind the mountains but it was still light.

occur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

rarefied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The air was rarefied, motionless, and full of sound.

reached

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The shadow of the mountains reached for several miles over the steppe.

several

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The shadow of the mountains reached for several miles over the steppe.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading The shadow of the mountains reached for several miles over the steppe.

sharplynounUS /ˈsharply/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

sky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

sound

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The air was rarefied, motionless, and full of sound.

spread

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

steppe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The shadow of the mountains reached for several miles over the steppe.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The sun had sunk behind the mountains but it was still light.

sun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun had sunk behind the mountains but it was still light.

sunk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun had sunk behind the mountains but it was still light.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.

thirdnounUS /third/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.

white

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The evening glow had spread over a third of the sky, and against its brilliancy the dull white immensity of the mountains was sharply defined.

wonderfulnounUS /ˈwonderful/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading It was one of those wonderful evenings that occur only in the Caucasus.