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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.
Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.
After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.
On its bank lay a thick black log cast up by the water.
The reeds around it had been recently beaten down.
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.
Line 2
Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.
Line 3
After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.
/ˈæftər ðeɪ hæd ɡɔːn ə fjuː steps ɪn ˈsaɪ.ləns ðə ˈkɑːsæks tɜːrnd əˈsaɪd frʌm ðə dɪtʃ ənd went əˈlɔːŋ ə pæθ ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈhɪdən baɪ riːdz tɪl ðeɪ riːtʃt ðə ˈrɪvər/
Line 4
On its bank lay a thick black log cast up by the water.
/ɑːn ɪts bæŋk leɪ ə θɪk blæk lɔːɡ kæst ʌp baɪ ðə ˈwɔːtər/
Line 5
The reeds around it had been recently beaten down.
/ðə riːdz ərˈaʊnd ɪt hæd bɪn ˈriːsəntli ˈbiːtən daʊn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ambush verb US /ˈæmbʊʃ/

wait in hiding to attack

From this reading “It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.”

cordon noun US /ˈkɔːrdən/

a series of sentinels or of military posts enclosing or guarding some place or thing

From this reading “It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.”

Cossacks noun US /ˈkɑːsæks/

plural of “cossack” — a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading “It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.”

ditch noun US /dɪtʃ/

a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading “After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.”

log verb US /lɔːɡ/

enter into a log, as on ships and planes

From this reading “On its bank lay a thick black log cast up by the water.”

recently adverb US /ˈriːsəntli/

in the recent past

From this reading “The reeds around it had been recently beaten down.”

reeds noun US /riːdz/

plural of “reed” — tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

From this reading “After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.”

shouldering verb US /ˈʃoʊldərɪŋ/

-ing form of “shoulder” — lift onto one's shoulders

From this reading “It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

ambushverbUS /ˈæmbʊʃ/

wait in hiding to attack

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The reeds around it had been recently beaten down.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading On its bank lay a thick black log cast up by the water.

beatenadjectiveUS /ˈbiːtən/

formed or made thin by hammering

From this reading The reeds around it had been recently beaten down.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The reeds around it had been recently beaten down.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading On its bank lay a thick black log cast up by the water.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading On its bank lay a thick black log cast up by the water.

cloaks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

cordonnounUS /ˈkɔːrdən/

a series of sentinels or of military posts enclosing or guarding some place or thing

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

CossacksnounUS /ˈkɑːsæks/

plural of “cossack” — a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

ditchnounUS /dɪtʃ/

a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The reeds around it had been recently beaten down.

Eróshka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

hiddenadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdən/

not accessible to view

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading On its bank lay a thick black log cast up by the water.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading On its bank lay a thick black log cast up by the water.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

logverbUS /lɔːɡ/

enter into a log, as on ships and planes

From this reading On its bank lay a thick black log cast up by the water.

Lukáshka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

Nazárka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

recentlyadverbUS /ˈriːsəntli/

in the recent past

From this reading The reeds around it had been recently beaten down.

reedsnounUS /riːdz/

plural of “reed” — tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

shoulderingverbUS /ˈʃoʊldərɪŋ/

-ing form of “shoulder” — lift onto one's shoulders

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

shoutedadjectiveUS /ˈʃaʊtɪd/

in a vehement outcry

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading On its bank lay a thick black log cast up by the water.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading After they had gone a few steps in silence the Cossacks turned aside from the ditch and went along a path almost hidden by reeds till they reached the river.

Térek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

UnclenounUS /ˈʌŋkəl/

the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading On its bank lay a thick black log cast up by the water.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading Nazárka did not want to go at all, but Lukáshka shouted at him and they soon started.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading On its bank lay a thick black log cast up by the water.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading It was quite dark when Uncle Eróshka and the three Cossacks, in their cloaks and shouldering their guns, left the cordon and went towards the place on the Térek where they were to lie in ambush.

Chapter 7 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 155 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 7 holds 155 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 155 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Common questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Yes. All 4174 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4761, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 take to read?

About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.