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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 141 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was growing light.
The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.
Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.
He set his gun at full cock and muttered: In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.
Hallo, Cossacks!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 141 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was growing light.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈɡroʊɪŋ laɪt/
Line 2
The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.
Line 3
Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.
Line 4
He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.
/hiː set hɪz ɡʌn æt fʊl kɑːk ənd ˈmʌtərd ɪn ðə neɪm ʌv ðə ˈfɑːðər ənd ʌv ðə sʌn bʌt wen ðə kɑːk klɪkt ðə saʊnd ʌv steps siːst/
Line 5
Hallo, Cossacks!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clicked verb US /klɪkt/

past form of “click” — move or strike with a noise

From this reading “He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.”

cock verb US /kɑːk/

tilt or slant to one side

From this reading “He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.”

Cossacks noun US /ˈkɑːsæks/

plural of “cossack” — a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading ““Hallo, Cossacks!”

feathery adjective US /ˈfeðəri/

resembling or suggesting a feather or feathers

From this reading “Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.”

Luke noun US /luːk/

(New Testament) the Apostle closely associated with St. Paul and traditionally assumed to be the author of the third Gospel

From this reading “Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.”

reeds noun US /riːdz/

plural of “reed” — tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

From this reading “Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.”

rocking verb US /ˈrɑːkɪŋ/

-ing form of “rock” — move back and forth or sideways

From this reading “The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.”

tops adjective US /tɑːps/

of the highest quality

From this reading “Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.”

All words in this reading · 49

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

Chéchen's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.

clickedverbUS /klɪkt/

past form of “click” — move or strike with a noise

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

cockverbUS /kɑːk/

tilt or slant to one side

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

CossacksnounUS /ˈkɑːsæks/

plural of “cossack” — a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading “Hallo, Cossacks!

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

FathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

featheryadjectiveUS /ˈfeðəri/

resembling or suggesting a feather or feathers

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

gentlyadverbUS /ˈdʒentli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading It was growing light.

gunnounUS /ɡʌn/

a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

Hallo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hallo, Cossacks!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was growing light.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading It was growing light.

LukenounUS /luːk/

(New Testament) the Apostle closely associated with St. Paul and traditionally assumed to be the author of the third Gospel

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

mutteredverbUS /ˈmʌtərd/

past form of “mutter” — talk indistinctly; usually in a low voice

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

reedsnounUS /riːdz/

plural of “reed” — tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

rockingverbUS /ˈrɑːkɪŋ/

-ing form of “rock” — move back and forth or sideways

From this reading The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.

rustled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

shallowadjectiveUS /ˈʃæloʊ/

lacking physical depth; having little spatial extension downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or outward from a center

From this reading The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.

SonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

SuddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.

topsadjectiveUS /tɑːps/

of the highest quality

From this reading Suddenly the reeds rustled not far from Luke and he heard steps and saw the feathery tops of the reeds moving.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was growing light.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He set his gun at full cock and muttered: “In the name of the Father and of the Son,” but when the cock clicked the sound of steps ceased.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Chéchen’s body which was gently rocking in the shallow water was now clearly visible.

Chapter 8 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 141 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 8 holds 141 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 141 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Common questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Yes. All 4174 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4761, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 take to read?

About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section

How to work through The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.