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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.
The horses had been unharnessed and the companies wagons were standing in the square.
The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.
The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.
Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 87 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.
Line 2
The horses had been unharnessed and the companieswagons were standing in the square.
Line 3
The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.
Line 4
The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.
Line 5
Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

buckwheat noun US /ˈbʌkwiːt/

a member of the genus Fagopyrum; annual Asian plant with clusters of small pinkish white flowers and small edible triangular seeds which are used whole or ground into flour

From this reading “Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.”

carts noun US /kɑːrts/

plural of “cart” — a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading “Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.”

Caucasian noun US /kɔːˈkeɪʒən/

a Caucasian

From this reading “On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.”

company's noun US /ˈkʌmpəniz/

possessive form of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

cooks noun US /kʊks/

plural of “cook” — someone who cooks food

From this reading “The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.”

Cossack noun US /ˈkɔːsək/

a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading “On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.”

porridge noun US /ˈpɔːrədʒ/

soft food made by boiling oatmeal or other meal or legumes in water or milk until thick

From this reading “Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.”

securely adverb US /sɪˈkjʊrli/

in a secure manner; in a manner free from danger

From this reading “The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

accountsnounUS /əˈkaʊnts/

plural of “account” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

ammunitionnounUS /ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən/

projectiles to be fired from a gun

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The horses had been unharnessed and the companies’ wagons were standing in the square.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The horses had been unharnessed and the companies’ wagons were standing in the square.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

boxesnounUS /ˈbɑːksəz/

plural of “box” — a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

buckwheatnounUS /ˈbʌkwiːt/

a member of the genus Fagopyrum; annual Asian plant with clusters of small pinkish white flowers and small edible triangular seeds which are used whole or ground into flour

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

cartsnounUS /kɑːrts/

plural of “cart” — a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

CaucasiannounUS /kɔːˈkeɪʒən/

a Caucasian

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

cauldrons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

companiesnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniːz/

plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

company'snounUS /ˈkʌmpəniz/

possessive form of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

cookedadjectiveUS /kʊkt/

having been prepared for eating by the application of heat

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

cookingnounUS /ˈkʊkɪŋ/

the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

cooksnounUS /kʊks/

plural of “cook” — someone who cooks food

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

CorpsnounUS /kɔːr/

an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

CossacknounUS /ˈkɔːsək/

a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

dugnounUS /dʌɡ/

an udder or breast or teat

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The horses had been unharnessed and the companies’ wagons were standing in the square.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading The horses had been unharnessed and the companies’ wagons were standing in the square.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The horses had been unharnessed and the companies’ wagons were standing in the square.

infantrynounUS /ˈɪnfəntri/

an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

logsnounUS /lɔːɡz/

plural of “log” — a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

Novomlínsk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

pay-sergeants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

pilesnounUS /paɪlz/

venous swelling external or internal to the anal sphincter

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

pitnounUS /pɪt/

A large hole in the ground, or an abyss of darkness and peril.

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

porridgenounUS /ˈpɔːrədʒ/

soft food made by boiling oatmeal or other meal or legumes in water or milk until thick

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

quartermasters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

quartersnounUS /ˈkwɔːrtərz/

housing available for people to live in

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

securelyadverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrli/

in a secure manner; in a manner free from danger

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

ServicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

settlingnounUS /ˈsetəlɪŋ/

a gradual sinking to a lower level

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading The horses had been unharnessed and the companies’ wagons were standing in the square.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading The horses had been unharnessed and the companies’ wagons were standing in the square.

storedverbUS /stɔːrd/

past form of “store” — keep or lay aside for future use

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

tienounUS /taɪ/

neckwear consisting of a long narrow piece of material worn (mostly by men) under a collar and tied in knot at the front

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

unharnessed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The horses had been unharnessed and the companies’ wagons were standing in the square.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading On the third day after the events above described, two companies of a Caucasian infantry regiment arrived at the Cossack village of Novomlínsk.

wagonsnounUS /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading The horses had been unharnessed and the companies’ wagons were standing in the square.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Here were green ammunition boxes in a line, the company’s carts, horses, and cauldrons in which buckwheat porridge was being cooked.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The horses had been unharnessed and the companies’ wagons were standing in the square.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Service Corps men were driving piles in the ground to which to tie the horses, and the quartermasters were going about the streets just as if they were at home, showing officers and men to their quarters.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading The cooks had dug a pit, and with logs gathered from various yards (where they had not been sufficiently securely stored) were now cooking the food; the pay-sergeants were settling accounts with the soldiers.

Chapter 9 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 87 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 9 holds 87 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 87 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Common questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Yes. All 4174 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4761, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 take to read?

About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section

How to work through The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.