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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XV

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.
He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.
Everybody in the regiment knew of his old-time prowess.
The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.
He used to go plundering in the mountains, and robbed the Russians too; and he had twice been in prison.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XV

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.
Line 2
He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.
Line 3
Everybody in the regiment knew of his old-time prowess.
Line 4
The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.
Line 5
He used to go plundering in the mountains, and robbed the Russians too; and he had twice been in prison.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.”

Conscience noun US /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

the inner sense of right and wrong

From this reading “The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.”

Everybody pronoun US /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading “Everybody in the regiment knew of his old-time prowess.”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.”

Well noun US /well/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

ago

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

boldest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

bragging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

children

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

Church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

Chéchen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

the inner sense of right and wrong

From this reading The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.

Cossack

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

Daddy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

dare-devil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

death

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.

Eróshka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

EverybodypronounUS /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading Everybody in the regiment knew of his old-time prowess.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

go

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He used to go plundering in the mountains, and robbed the Russians too; and he had twice been in prison.

gone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

knew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody in the regiment knew of his old-time prowess.

lay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.

married

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.

mountains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He used to go plundering in the mountains, and robbed the Russians too; and he had twice been in prison.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

old-time

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody in the regiment knew of his old-time prowess.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.

Orthodox

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

plundering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He used to go plundering in the mountains, and robbed the Russians too; and he had twice been in prison.

prison

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He used to go plundering in the mountains, and robbed the Russians too; and he had twice been in prison.

prowess

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody in the regiment knew of his old-time prowess.

regiment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everybody in the regiment knew of his old-time prowess.

robbed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He used to go plundering in the mountains, and robbed the Russians too; and he had twice been in prison.

run

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

Russian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

Russians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He used to go plundering in the mountains, and robbed the Russians too; and he had twice been in prison.

sergeant-major

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

solitary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

spoke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

superannuated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

too

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He used to go plundering in the mountains, and robbed the Russians too; and he had twice been in prison.

twenty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

twice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He used to go plundering in the mountains, and robbed the Russians too; and he had twice been in prison.

used

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He used to go plundering in the mountains, and robbed the Russians too; and he had twice been in prison.

village

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

well

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The death of more than one Russian, as well as Chéchen, lay on his conscience.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.

wife

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was a superannuated and solitary Cossack: twenty years ago his wife had gone over to the Orthodox Church and run away from him and married a Russian sergeant-major, and he had no children.

young

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not bragging when he spoke of himself as having been the boldest dare-devil in the village when he was young.