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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
From Eróshka’s hut Lukáshka went home.
As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.
In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.
The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.
The air was becoming more transparent, and the villagers were getting up.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
From Eróshka’s hut Lukáshka went home.
Line 2
As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.
/æz hiː rɪˈtɜːrnd ðə ˈduːi mɪsts wɜːr ˈraɪzɪŋ frʌm ðə ɡraʊnd ənd enˈveləpt ðə ˈvɪlədʒ/
Line 3
In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.
/ɪn ˈveriəs ˈpleɪsəz ðə ˈkætəl ðoʊ aʊt ʌv saɪt kʊd biː hɜːrd bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ tuː stɜːr/
Line 4
The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.
/ðə kɑːks kɔːld tuː wʌn əˈnʌðər wɪð ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ ˈfriːkwənsi ənd ˌɪnˈsɪstəns/
Line 5
The air was becoming more transparent, and the villagers were getting up.
/ðə er wɑːz bɪˈkʌmɪŋ mɔːr trænˈsperənt ənd ðə ˈvɪlɪdʒərz wɜːr ˈɡetɪŋ ʌp/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cocks noun US /kɑːks/

plural of “cock” — obscene terms for penis

From this reading “The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.”

dewy adjective US /ˈduːi/

wet with dew

From this reading “As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.”

enveloped verb US /enˈveləpt/

past form of “envelop” — enclose or enfold completely with or as if with a covering

From this reading “As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.”

frequency noun US /ˈfriːkwənsi/

the number of occurrences within a given time period

From this reading “The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.”

insistence noun US /ˌɪnˈsɪstəns/

continual and persistent demands

From this reading “The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.”

mists noun US /mɪsts/

plural of “mist” — a thin fog with condensation near the ground

From this reading “As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.”

transparent adjective US /trænˈsperənt/

transmitting light; able to be seen through with clarity

From this reading “The air was becoming more transparent, and the villagers were getting up.”

villagers noun US /ˈvɪlɪdʒərz/

plural of “villager” — one who has lived in a village most of their life

From this reading “The air was becoming more transparent, and the villagers were getting up.”

All words in this reading · 48

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The air was becoming more transparent, and the villagers were getting up.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading The air was becoming more transparent, and the villagers were getting up.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

cocksnounUS /kɑːks/

plural of “cock” — obscene terms for penis

From this reading The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

dewyadjectiveUS /ˈduːi/

wet with dew

From this reading As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.

envelopedverbUS /enˈveləpt/

past form of “envelop” — enclose or enfold completely with or as if with a covering

From this reading As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.

Eróshka's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Eróshka’s hut Lukáshka went home.

frequencynounUS /ˈfriːkwənsi/

the number of occurrences within a given time period

From this reading The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From Eróshka’s hut Lukáshka went home.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading The air was becoming more transparent, and the villagers were getting up.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading From Eróshka’s hut Lukáshka went home.

hutnounUS /hʌt/

temporary military shelter

From this reading From Eróshka’s hut Lukáshka went home.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.

insistencenounUS /ˌɪnˈsɪstəns/

continual and persistent demands

From this reading The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.

Lukáshka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Eróshka’s hut Lukáshka went home.

mistsnounUS /mɪsts/

plural of “mist” — a thin fog with condensation near the ground

From this reading As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The air was becoming more transparent, and the villagers were getting up.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

transparentadjectiveUS /trænˈsperənt/

transmitting light; able to be seen through with clarity

From this reading The air was becoming more transparent, and the villagers were getting up.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The air was becoming more transparent, and the villagers were getting up.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading In various places the cattle, though out of sight, could be heard beginning to stir.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.

villagersnounUS /ˈvɪlɪdʒərz/

plural of “villager” — one who has lived in a village most of their life

From this reading The air was becoming more transparent, and the villagers were getting up.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The air was becoming more transparent, and the villagers were getting up.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading From Eróshka’s hut Lukáshka went home.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As he returned, the dewy mists were rising from the ground and enveloped the village.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The cocks called to one another with increasing frequency and insistence.

Chapter 16 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 88 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 16 holds 88 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 88 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Common questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Yes. All 4174 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4761, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 take to read?

About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section

How to work through The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.