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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.
Smoke rose everywhere in clouds from the chimneys.
The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.
The hunters walked together along the damp, grass-grown path.
The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.
/ðə mɪst hæd ˈpɑːrtli ˈlɪftəd ˈʃoʊɪŋ ðə wet riːd ˈθætʃɪz ənd wɑːz naʊ ˈtɜːrnɪŋ ˈɪntuː duː ðæt ˈmɔɪsənd ðə roʊd ənd ðə ɡræs bɪˈsaɪd ðə fens/
Line 2
Smoke rose everywhere in clouds from the chimneys.
/smoʊk roʊz ˈevriwer ɪn klaʊdz frʌm ðə ˈtʃɪmniz/
Line 3
The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.
/ðə ˈpiːpəl wɜːr ˈɡoʊɪŋ aʊt ʌv ðə ˈvɪlədʒ sʌm tuː ðer wɜːrk sʌm tuː ðə ˈrɪvər ənd sʌm tuː ðə ˈkɔːrdən/
Line 4
The hunters walked together along the damp, grass-grown path.
Line 5
The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.
/ðə dɑːɡz ˈwæɡɪŋ ðer teɪlz ənd ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðer ˈmæstərz ræn ɑːn boʊθ saɪdz ʌv ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chimneys noun US /ˈtʃɪmniz/

plural of “chimney” — a vertical flue that provides a path through which smoke from a fire is carried away through the wall or roof of a building

From this reading “Smoke rose everywhere in clouds from the chimneys.”

cordon noun US /ˈkɔːrdən/

a series of sentinels or of military posts enclosing or guarding some place or thing

From this reading “The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.”

hunters noun US /ˈhʌntərz/

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading “The hunters walked together along the damp, grass-grown path.”

moistened verb US /ˈmɔɪsənd/

past form of “moisten” — make moist

From this reading “The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.”

reed noun US /riːd/

tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

From this reading “The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.”

tails noun US /teɪlz/

formalwear consisting of full evening dress for men

From this reading “The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.”

thatches noun US /ˈθætʃɪz/

plural of “thatch” — hair resembling thatched roofing material

From this reading “The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.”

wagging verb US /ˈwæɡɪŋ/

inflected form of “wag” — move from side to side

From this reading “The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The hunters walked together along the damp, grass-grown path.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.

chimneysnounUS /ˈtʃɪmniz/

plural of “chimney” — a vertical flue that provides a path through which smoke from a fire is carried away through the wall or roof of a building

From this reading Smoke rose everywhere in clouds from the chimneys.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading Smoke rose everywhere in clouds from the chimneys.

cordonnounUS /ˈkɔːrdən/

a series of sentinels or of military posts enclosing or guarding some place or thing

From this reading The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.

dampadjectiveUS /dæmp/

slightly wet

From this reading The hunters walked together along the damp, grass-grown path.

dewnounUS /duː/

water that has condensed on a cool surface overnight from water vapor in the air

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading Smoke rose everywhere in clouds from the chimneys.

fenceverbUS /fens/

enclose with a fence

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Smoke rose everywhere in clouds from the chimneys.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

grass-grown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hunters walked together along the damp, grass-grown path.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

huntersnounUS /ˈhʌntərz/

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading The hunters walked together along the damp, grass-grown path.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Smoke rose everywhere in clouds from the chimneys.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

liftedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪftəd/

held up in the air

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.

mistverbUS /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

moistenedverbUS /ˈmɔɪsənd/

past form of “moisten” — make moist

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.

partlyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrtli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading The hunters walked together along the damp, grass-grown path.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.

reednounUS /riːd/

tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Smoke rose everywhere in clouds from the chimneys.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.

SmokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading Smoke rose everywhere in clouds from the chimneys.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.

tailsnounUS /teɪlz/

formalwear consisting of full evening dress for men

From this reading The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

thatchesnounUS /ˈθætʃɪz/

plural of “thatch” — hair resembling thatched roofing material

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The hunters walked together along the damp, grass-grown path.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.

waggingverbUS /ˈwæɡɪŋ/

inflected form of “wag” — move from side to side

From this reading The dogs, wagging their tails and looking at their masters, ran on both sides of them.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading The hunters walked together along the damp, grass-grown path.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.

wetadjectiveUS /wet/

covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading The mist had partly lifted, showing the wet reed thatches, and was now turning into dew that moistened the road and the grass beside the fence.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The people were going out of the village, some to their work, some to the river, and some to the cordon.

Chapter 18 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 67 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 18 holds 67 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 67 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Common questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Yes. All 4174 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4761, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 take to read?

About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section

How to work through The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.