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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 190 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was five in the morning.
Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.
Olénin had already ridden off to bathe in the Térek.
(He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.
The girl was milking the buffalo cow in the shed.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 190 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was five in the morning.
/ɪt wɑːz faɪv ɪn ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/
Line 2
Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.
Line 3
Olénin had already ridden off to bathe in the Térek.
Line 4
(He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.
/hiː hæd ˈriːsəntli ˌɪnˈventəd ə nuː əˈmjuːzmənt tuː swɪm hɪz hɔːrs ɪn ðə ˈrɪvər hɪz ˈlændleɪdi wɑːz ɪn hɜːr ˈaʊthaʊs ənd ðə dens smoʊk ʌv ðə ˈkɪndlɪŋ ˈfaɪər roʊz frʌm ðə ˈtʃɪmni/
Line 5
The girl was milking the buffalo cow in the shed.
/ðə ɡɜːrl wɑːz ˈmɪlkɪŋ ðə ˈbʌfəloʊ kaʊ ɪn ðə ʃed/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bathe verb US /beɪð/

cleanse the entire body

From this reading “Olénin had already ridden off to bathe in the Térek.”

bellows noun US /ˈbeloʊz/

(used in the plural) a mechanical device that blows a strong current of air; used to make a fire burn more fiercely or to sound a musical instrument

From this reading “Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.”

boot noun US /buːt/

footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

From this reading “Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.”

buffalo noun US /ˈbʌfəloʊ/

large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains

From this reading “The girl was milking the buffalo cow in the shed.”

heating noun US /ˈhiːtɪŋ/

the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature

From this reading “Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.”

kindling noun US /ˈkɪndlɪŋ/

material for starting a fire

From this reading “(He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.”

milking verb US /ˈmɪlkɪŋ/

-ing form of “milk” — take milk from female mammals

From this reading “The girl was milking the buffalo cow in the shed.”

outhouse noun US /ˈaʊthaʊs/

a small outbuilding with a bench having holes through which a user can defecate

From this reading “(He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Olénin had already ridden off to bathe in the Térek.

amusementnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənt/

a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

batheverbUS /beɪð/

cleanse the entire body

From this reading Olénin had already ridden off to bathe in the Térek.

bellowsnounUS /ˈbeloʊz/

(used in the plural) a mechanical device that blows a strong current of air; used to make a fire burn more fiercely or to sound a musical instrument

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

bootnounUS /buːt/

footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

buffalonounUS /ˈbʌfəloʊ/

large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains

From this reading The girl was milking the buffalo cow in the shed.

chimneynounUS /ˈtʃɪmni/

a vertical flue that provides a path through which smoke from a fire is carried away through the wall or roof of a building

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

cownounUS /kaʊ/

female of domestic cattle: "“moo-cow” is a child's term"

From this reading The girl was milking the buffalo cow in the shed.

denseadjectiveUS /dens/

permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading It was five in the morning.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading The girl was milking the buffalo cow in the shed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Olénin had already ridden off to bathe in the Térek.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

heatingnounUS /ˈhiːtɪŋ/

the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was five in the morning.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was five in the morning.

kindlingnounUS /ˈkɪndlɪŋ/

material for starting a fire

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

landladynounUS /ˈlændleɪdi/

a landlord who is a woman

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

legnounUS /leɡ/

a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

milkingverbUS /ˈmɪlkɪŋ/

-ing form of “milk” — take milk from female mammals

From this reading The girl was milking the buffalo cow in the shed.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading It was five in the morning.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Olénin had already ridden off to bathe in the Térek.

Olénin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Olénin had already ridden off to bathe in the Térek.

outhousenounUS /ˈaʊthaʊs/

a small outbuilding with a bench having holes through which a user can defecate

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

porchnounUS /pɔːrtʃ/

a structure attached to the exterior of a building often forming a covered entrance

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

recentlyadverbUS /ˈriːsəntli/

in the recent past

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

riddenverbUS /ˈrɪdən/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading Olénin had already ridden off to bathe in the Térek.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

samovarnoun

a metal urn with a spigot at the base; used in Russia to boil water for tea

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

shedverbUS /ʃed/

get rid of

From this reading The girl was milking the buffalo cow in the shed.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

swimverbUS /swɪm/

travel through water

From this reading (He had recently invented a new amusement: to swim his horse in the river.) His landlady was in her outhouse, and the dense smoke of the kindling fire rose from the chimney.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was five in the morning.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Olénin had already ridden off to bathe in the Térek.

Térek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Olénin had already ridden off to bathe in the Térek.

usingnounUS /ˈjuːzɪŋ/

an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

Vanyúsha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Vanyúsha was in the porch heating the samovar, and using the leg of a long boot instead of bellows.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was five in the morning.

Chapter 22 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 190 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 22 holds 190 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 190 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Common questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Yes. All 4174 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4761, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 take to read?

About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section

How to work through The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.