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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 76 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.
How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.
Olénin felt frightened, he did not know of what.
He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: I’m afraid of your mother.
She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 76 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.
Line 2
How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.
Line 3
Olénin felt frightened, he did not know of what.
Line 4
He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.
Line 5
She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”
/ʃiː ɡeɪv miː sʌtʃ ə ˈskoʊldɪŋ ðə fɜːrst taɪm aɪ went ɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

addressing verb US /əˈdresɪŋ/

-ing form of “address” — speak to

From this reading ““How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.”

afraid adjective US /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading “He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.”

flushed adjective US /flʌʃt/

having the pinkish flush of health

From this reading “He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.”

frightened adjective US /ˈfraɪtənd/

made afraid

From this reading “Olénin felt frightened, he did not know of what.”

hardly adverb US /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading “He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.”

knowing adjective US /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading “He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.”

remarked verb US /rɪˈmɑːrkt/

past form of “remark” — make mention of

From this reading “He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.”

scolding noun US /ˈskoʊldɪŋ/

rebuking a person harshly

From this reading “She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.””

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

addressingverbUS /əˈdresɪŋ/

-ing form of “address” — speak to

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

afraidadjectiveUS /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

Belétski

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Olénin felt frightened, he did not know of what.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Olénin felt frightened, he did not know of what.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”

flushedadjectiveUS /flʌʃt/

having the pinkish flush of health

From this reading He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.

frightenedadjectiveUS /ˈfraɪtənd/

made afraid

From this reading Olénin felt frightened, he did not know of what.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”

I'm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.

lodgernoun

a tenant in someone's house

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

Maryánka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Olénin felt frightened, he did not know of what.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Olénin felt frightened, he did not know of what.

Olénin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

remarkedverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkt/

past form of “remark” — make mention of

From this reading He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

sayingnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋ/

a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.

scoldingnounUS /ˈskoʊldɪŋ/

rebuking a person harshly

From this reading She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He flushed and, hardly knowing what he was saying, remarked: “I’m afraid of your mother.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading She gave me such a scolding the first time I went in.”

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Olénin felt frightened, he did not know of what.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “How is one to know him if he never comes to see us?” answered Maryánka, with a look at Olénin.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “How is it you don’t know your own lodger?” said Belétski, addressing Maryánka.

Chapter 23 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 76 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 23 holds 76 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 76 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Common questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Yes. All 4174 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4761, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 take to read?

About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section

How to work through The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.