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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XXVI · Chapter 26

Chapter 26 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
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The betrothal was taking place in the cornet’s hut.
Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.
He was sad as he had never been since he settled in this Cossack village.
He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.
Olénin shut himself up in his hut and began writing in his diary as follows:
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XXVI · Chapter 26

Chapter 26 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The betrothal was taking place in the cornet’s hut.
Line 2
Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.
Line 3
He was sad as he had never been since he settled in this Cossack village.
/hiː wɑːz sæd æz hiː hæd ˈnevər bɪn sɪns hiː ˈsetəld ɪn ðɪs ˈkɔːsək ˈvɪlədʒ/
Line 4
He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.
Line 5
Olénin shut himself up in his hut and began writing in his diary as follows:

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cossack noun US /ˈkɔːsək/

a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading “He was sad as he had never been since he settled in this Cossack village.”

diary noun US /ˈdaɪəri/

a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading “Olénin shut himself up in his hut and began writing in his diary as follows:”

earlier adverb US /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading “He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.”

follows verb US /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading “Olénin shut himself up in his hut and began writing in his diary as follows:”

hut noun US /hʌt/

temporary military shelter

From this reading “The betrothal was taking place in the cornet’s hut.”

invited verb US /ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd/

past form of “invite” — increase the likelihood of

From this reading “Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.”

settled adjective US /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading “He was sad as he had never been since he settled in this Cossack village.”

worried adjective US /ˈwɜːrid/

afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief

From this reading “He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.”

All words in this reading · 49

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was sad as he had never been since he settled in this Cossack village.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Olénin shut himself up in his hut and began writing in his diary as follows:

betrothalnoun

a mutual promise to marry

From this reading The betrothal was taking place in the cornet’s hut.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.

cornet's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The betrothal was taking place in the cornet’s hut.

CossacknounUS /ˈkɔːsək/

a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading He was sad as he had never been since he settled in this Cossack village.

diarynounUS /ˈdaɪəri/

a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading Olénin shut himself up in his hut and began writing in his diary as follows:

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Olénin shut himself up in his hut and began writing in his diary as follows:

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Olénin shut himself up in his hut and began writing in his diary as follows:

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Olénin shut himself up in his hut and began writing in his diary as follows:

hutnounUS /hʌt/

temporary military shelter

From this reading The betrothal was taking place in the cornet’s hut.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The betrothal was taking place in the cornet’s hut.

invitedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd/

past form of “invite” — increase the likelihood of

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

Lukáshka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading He was sad as he had never been since he settled in this Cossack village.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

Olénin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The betrothal was taking place in the cornet’s hut.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading He was sad as he had never been since he settled in this Cossack village.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading He was sad as he had never been since he settled in this Cossack village.

shutverbUS /ʃʌt/

move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading Olénin shut himself up in his hut and began writing in his diary as follows:

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading He was sad as he had never been since he settled in this Cossack village.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading The betrothal was taking place in the cornet’s hut.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The betrothal was taking place in the cornet’s hut.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He was sad as he had never been since he settled in this Cossack village.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Olénin shut himself up in his hut and began writing in his diary as follows:

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Lukáshka had returned to the village, but had not been to see Olénin, and Olénin had not gone to the betrothal though he had been invited.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The betrothal was taking place in the cornet’s hut.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.

worriedadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrid/

afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief

From this reading He had seen Lukáshka earlier in the evening and was worried by the question why Lukáshka was so cold towards him.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading Olénin shut himself up in his hut and began writing in his diary as follows:

Chapter 26 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 105 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 26 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 26 holds 105 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 26 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 105 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 26 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 26 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 26 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Common questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 4174 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #4761, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.