Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.
Sleep, girls, sleep!” said Ústenka, making herself comfortable under the wagon.
Wait a bit,” she exclaimed, this won’t do!”
She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.
Let me in,” she shouted to the little boy as she again crept under the wagon.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.
Line 2
Sleep, girls, sleep!” said Ústenka, making herself comfortable under the wagon.
Line 3
Wait a bit,” she exclaimed, “this won’t do!”
Line 4
She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.
Line 5
Let me in,” she shouted to the little boy as she again crept under the wagon.
/let miː ɪn ʃiː ˈʃaʊtɪd tuː ðə ˈlɪtəl bɔɪ æz ʃiː əˈɡen krept ˈʌndər ðə ˈwæɡən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

diving noun US /ˈdaɪvɪŋ/

an athletic competition that involves diving into water

From this reading “Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.”

kerchief noun US /ˈkɜːrtʃəf/

a square scarf that is folded into a triangle and worn over the head or about the neck

From this reading “Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.”

mosquitoes noun US /məˈskiːtoʊz/

plural of “mosquito” — two-winged insect whose female has a long proboscis to pierce the skin and suck the blood of humans and animals

From this reading “Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.”

neighbour noun US /ˈneɪbər/

a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading “Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.”

plucked adjective US /plʌkt/

of a stringed instrument; sounded with the fingers or a plectrum

From this reading “She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.”

swarmed verb US /swɔːrmd/

past form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading “Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.”

tossing verb US /ˈtɔːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “toss” — throw or toss with a light motion

From this reading “Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.”

wagons noun US /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading “Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “Wait a bit,” she exclaimed, “this won’t do!”

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading “Let me in,” she shouted to the little boy as she again crept under the wagon.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading “Let me in,” she shouted to the little boy as she again crept under the wagon.

asleepadjectiveUS /əˈsliːp/

in a state of sleep

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

beshmet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

bitnounUS /bɪt/

a small piece or quantity of something

From this reading “Wait a bit,” she exclaimed, “this won’t do!”

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading “Let me in,” she shouted to the little boy as she again crept under the wagon.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading “Sleep, girls, sleep!” said Ústenka, making herself comfortable under the wagon.

cooladjectiveUS /kuːl/

neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

creptverbUS /krept/

inflected form of “creep” — move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground

From this reading “Let me in,” she shouted to the little boy as she again crept under the wagon.

divingnounUS /ˈdaɪvɪŋ/

an athletic competition that involves diving into water

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading “Wait a bit,” she exclaimed, “this won’t do!”

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

exclaimedverbUS /ɪkˈskleɪmd/

past form of “exclaim” — utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

From this reading “Wait a bit,” she exclaimed, “this won’t do!”

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading “Sleep, girls, sleep!” said Ústenka, making herself comfortable under the wagon.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Sleep, girls, sleep!” said Ústenka, making herself comfortable under the wagon.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

jumpedverbUS /dʒʌmpt/

past form of “jump” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

kerchiefnounUS /ˈkɜːrtʃəf/

a square scarf that is folded into a triangle and worn over the head or about the neck

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading “Let me in,” she shouted to the little boy as she again crept under the wagon.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading “Sleep, girls, sleep!” said Ústenka, making herself comfortable under the wagon.

Maryánka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Let me in,” she shouted to the little boy as she again crept under the wagon.

mosquitoesnounUS /məˈskiːtoʊz/

plural of “mosquito” — two-winged insect whose female has a long proboscis to pierce the skin and suck the blood of humans and animals

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

neighbournounUS /ˈneɪbər/

a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

pluckedadjectiveUS /plʌkt/

of a stringed instrument; sounded with the fingers or a plectrum

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

pushingnounUS /ˈpʊʃɪŋ/

the act of applying force in order to move something away

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “Sleep, girls, sleep!” said Ústenka, making herself comfortable under the wagon.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Wait a bit,” she exclaimed, “this won’t do!”

shoutedadjectiveUS /ˈʃaʊtɪd/

in a vehement outcry

From this reading “Let me in,” she shouted to the little boy as she again crept under the wagon.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

SleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading “Sleep, girls, sleep!” said Ústenka, making herself comfortable under the wagon.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

stuckadjectiveUS /stʌk/

caught or fixed

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

swarmedverbUS /swɔːrmd/

past form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “Wait a bit,” she exclaimed, “this won’t do!”

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Let me in,” she shouted to the little boy as she again crept under the wagon.

tossingverbUS /ˈtɔːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “toss” — throw or toss with a light motion

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

wagonnounUS /ˈwæɡən/

any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

wagonsnounUS /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

WaitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading “Wait a bit,” she exclaimed, “this won’t do!”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading She jumped up, plucked some green branches, and stuck them through the wheels on both sides of the wagon and hung her _beshmet_ over them.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

won't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Wait a bit,” she exclaimed, “this won’t do!”

Ústenka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although there was no escape from the heat and the mosquitoes swarmed in the cool shadow of the wagons, and her little brother tossing about beside her kept pushing her, Maryánka having drawn her kerchief over her head was just falling asleep, when suddenly their neighbour Ústenka came running towards her and, diving under the wagon, lay down beside her.

Chapter 28 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 97 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 28 holds 97 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 97 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Common questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Yes. All 4174 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4761, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 take to read?

About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section

How to work through The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.