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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.
Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.
When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.
He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.
His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.
Line 2
Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.
Line 3
When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.
/wen ˈkrɔːsɪŋ ðə roʊd hiː ˈnoʊtəst hɜːr ˈoʊ.pən ðə dɔːr ʌv ðə ˈaʊthaʊs ənd hɜːr bluː smɑːk ʃoʊd θruː ɪt/
Line 4
He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.
Line 5
His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.
/hɪz hoʊsts naʊ rɪˈtɜːrnd frʌm ðə ˈvɪnjərd ðeɪ keɪm aʊt ʌv ðə ˈaʊthaʊs ənd ˈɪntuː ðer hʌt bʌt dɪd nɑːt æsk hɪm ɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dusk noun US /dʌsk/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading “Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.”

hosts noun US /hoʊsts/

plural of “host” — a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading “His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.”

outhouse noun US /ˈaʊthaʊs/

a small outbuilding with a bench having holes through which a user can defecate

From this reading “When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.”

porch noun US /pɔːrtʃ/

a structure attached to the exterior of a building often forming a covered entrance

From this reading “He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.”

ringing noun US /ˈrɪŋɪŋ/

the sound of a bell ringing

From this reading “He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.”

shouting noun US /ˈʃaʊtɪŋ/

encouragement in the form of cheers from spectators

From this reading “He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.”

smock noun US /smɑːk/

a loose coverall (coat or frock) reaching down to the ankles

From this reading “When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.”

vineyard noun US /ˈvɪnjərd/

a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading “His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

crossingnounUS /ˈkrɔːsɪŋ/

traveling across

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

dusknounUS /dʌsk/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

hostsnounUS /hoʊsts/

plural of “host” — a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

huntingnounUS /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

hutnounUS /hʌt/

temporary military shelter

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

laughternounUS /ˈlæftər/

the sound of laughing

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

listeningnounUS /ˈlɪsənɪŋ/

the act of hearing attentively

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

loudadjectiveUS /laʊd/

characterized by or producing sound of great volume or intensity

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

Maryánka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

noticedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəst/

being perceived or observed

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

Olénin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

outhousenounUS /ˈaʊthaʊs/

a small outbuilding with a bench having holes through which a user can defecate

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

porchnounUS /pɔːrtʃ/

a structure attached to the exterior of a building often forming a covered entrance

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

ringingnounUS /ˈrɪŋɪŋ/

the sound of a bell ringing

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

shoutingnounUS /ˈʃaʊtɪŋ/

encouragement in the form of cheers from spectators

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

smocknounUS /smɑːk/

a loose coverall (coat or frock) reaching down to the ankles

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

twiceadverbUS /twaɪs/

two times

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

Vanyúsha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

vineyardnounUS /ˈvɪnjərd/

a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading His hosts now returned from the vineyard; they came out of the outhouse and into their hut, but did not ask him in.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He called to Vanyúsha very loud so as to let her know that he was back, and then sat down in the porch in his usual place.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When crossing the road he noticed her open the door of the outhouse, and her blue smock showed through it.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Olénin spent the whole evening hunting in the forest and returned home at dusk without having killed anything.

Ústenka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He stopped once or twice, listening to the ringing laughter of Maryánka and Ústenka who, having come together, were shouting something.

Chapter 30 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 68 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 30 holds 68 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 68 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Common questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Yes. All 4174 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4761, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 take to read?

About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.