Chapter 31 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter XXXI
Chapter 31 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
It was late when he awoke the next day. His hosts were no longer in. He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed. Vanyúsha thought he was ill. Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.
Chapter 31 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
inflected form of “awake” — stop sleeping
From this reading “It was late when he awoke the next day.”
plural of “host” — a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there
From this reading “His hosts were no longer in.”
temporary military shelter
From this reading “He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.”
a structure attached to the exterior of a building often forming a covered entrance
From this reading “He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.”
past form of “re-enter” — enter again
From this reading “He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.”
showing firm determination or purpose
From this reading “Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.”
the act of firing a projectile
From this reading “He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.”
the act of creating written works
From this reading “Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
anew
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.
inflected form of “awake” — stop sleeping
From this reading It was late when he awoke the next day.
a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
From this reading Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.
a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis
From this reading It was late when he awoke the next day.
the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
being or moving lower in position or less in some value
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)
From this reading Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.
change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract
From this reading Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.
a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading It was late when he awoke the next day.
belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned
From this reading His hosts were no longer in.
plural of “host” — a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there
From this reading His hosts were no longer in.
temporary military shelter
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function
From this reading Vanyúsha thought he was ill.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading His hosts were no longer in.
moving to the inside of something
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It was late when he awoke the next day.
being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time
From this reading It was late when he awoke the next day.
put into a certain place or abstract location
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
for more time
From this reading His hosts were no longer in.
immediately following in time or order
From this reading It was late when he awoke the next day.
the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside
From this reading Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.
not any; not one
From this reading His hosts were no longer in.
used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
not allowed to continue to bat or run
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
a structure attached to the exterior of a building often forming a covered entrance
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
past form of “re-enter” — enter again
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
showing firm determination or purpose
From this reading Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.
the act of firing a projectile
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading It was late when he awoke the next day.
the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about
From this reading Vanyúsha thought he was ill.
up to a particular time
From this reading Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.
inflected form of “take” — carry out
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
in the direction of
From this reading Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Vanyúsha thought he was ill.
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading It was late when he awoke the next day.
inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically
From this reading He did not go shooting, but now took up a book, and now went out into the porch, and now again re-entered the hut and lay down on the bed.
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading His hosts were no longer in.
at the time that
From this reading It was late when he awoke the next day.
the act of creating written works
From this reading Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.
inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work
From this reading Towards evening Olénin got up, resolutely began writing, and wrote on till late at night.
Chapter 31 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 92 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 31 holds 92 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 31 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 92 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
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About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
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