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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XXXIII · Chapter 33

Chapter 33 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The next day was a holiday.
In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.
That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.
In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.
Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XXXIII · Chapter 33

Chapter 33 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 82 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The next day was a holiday.
/ðə nekst deɪ wɑːz ə ˈhɑːlədeɪ/
Line 2
In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.
/ɪn ðə ˈiːvnɪŋ ɔːl ðə ˈvɪlɪdʒərz ðer ˈhɑːlədeɪ kloʊðz ˈʃaɪnɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsʌnset wɜːr aʊt ɪn ðə striːt/
Line 3
That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.
Line 4
In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.
/ɪn ə mʌnθ ðə ˈkɑːsæks wɜːr tuː stɑːrt ɑːn ə kæmˈpeɪn ənd ɪn ˈmeni ˈfæməliz ˌprepərˈeɪʃənz wɜːr ˈbiːɪŋ meɪd fɔːr ˈwedɪŋz/
Line 5
Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.
/moʊst ʌv ðə ˈpiːpəl wɜːr ˈstændɪŋ ɪn ðə skwer ɪn frʌnt ʌv ðə ˈkɔːsək ˈɡʌvərmənt ˈɔːfɪs ənd nɪr ðə tuː ʃɑːps ɪn wʌn ʌv wɪtʃ keɪks ənd ˈpʌmpkɪn siːdz wɜːr soʊld ɪn ðə ˈʌðər ˈkɜːrtʃəfs ənd ˈkɑːtən prɪnts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cossack noun US /ˈkɔːsək/

a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading “Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.”

Cossacks noun US /ˈkɑːsæks/

plural of “cossack” — a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading “In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.”

kerchiefs noun US /ˈkɜːrtʃəfs/

plural of “kerchief” — a square scarf that is folded into a triangle and worn over the head or about the neck

From this reading “Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.”

prints noun US /prɪnts/

plural of “print” — the text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication

From this reading “Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.”

pumpkin noun US /ˈpʌmpkɪn/

a coarse vine widely cultivated for its large pulpy round orange fruit with firm orange skin and numerous seeds; subspecies of Cucurbita pepo include the summer squashes and a few autumn squashes

From this reading “Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.”

seeds noun US /siːdz/

plural of “seed” — a small hard fruit

From this reading “Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.”

villagers noun US /ˈvɪlɪdʒərz/

plural of “villager” — one who has lived in a village most of their life

From this reading “In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.”

weddings noun US /ˈwedɪŋz/

plural of “wedding” — the social event at which the ceremony of marriage is performed

From this reading “In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The next day was a holiday.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

cakesnounUS /keɪks/

plural of “cake” — a block of solid substance (such as soap or wax)

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

campaignnounUS /kæmˈpeɪn/

a race between candidates for elective office

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.

CossacknounUS /ˈkɔːsək/

a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

CossacksnounUS /ˈkɑːsæks/

plural of “cossack” — a member of a Slavic people living in southern European Russia and Ukraine and adjacent parts of Asia and noted for their horsemanship and military skill; they formed an elite cavalry corps in czarist Russia

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

cottonnounUS /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The next day was a holiday.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.

familiesnounUS /ˈfæməliz/

plural of “family” — a social unit living together

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

holidaynounUS /ˈhɑːlədeɪ/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading The next day was a holiday.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.

kerchiefsnounUS /ˈkɜːrtʃəfs/

plural of “kerchief” — a square scarf that is folded into a triangle and worn over the head or about the neck

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

labours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next day was a holiday.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

OfficenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

preparationsnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “preparation” — the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

printsnounUS /prɪnts/

plural of “print” — the text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

pumpkinnounUS /ˈpʌmpkɪn/

a coarse vine widely cultivated for its large pulpy round orange fruit with firm orange skin and numerous seeds; subspecies of Cucurbita pepo include the summer squashes and a few autumn squashes

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

seedsnounUS /siːdz/

plural of “seed” — a small hard fruit

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

shiningadjectiveUS /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/

marked by exceptional merit

From this reading In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.

shopsnounUS /ʃɑːps/

plural of “shop” — a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.

sunsetnounUS /ˈsʌnset/

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next day was a holiday.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

villagersnounUS /ˈvɪlɪdʒərz/

plural of “villager” — one who has lived in a village most of their life

From this reading In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The next day was a holiday.

weddingsnounUS /ˈwedɪŋz/

plural of “wedding” — the social event at which the ceremony of marriage is performed

From this reading In a month the Cossacks were to start on a campaign and in many families preparations were being made for weddings.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the evening all the villagers, their holiday clothes shining in the sunset, were out in the street.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Most of the people were standing in the square in front of the Cossack Government Office and near the two shops, in one of which cakes and pumpkin seeds were sold, in the other kerchiefs and cotton prints.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading That season more wine than usual had been produced, and the people were now free from their labours.

Chapter 33 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 82 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 33 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 33 holds 82 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 33 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 82 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 33 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 33 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 33 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.