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The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.
Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.
Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.
Daddy Eróshka was the only one to see him off.
They had a drink, and then a second, and then yet another.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.
/fɔːr tuː ˈaʊərz ˈæftər rɪˈtɜːrnɪŋ hoʊm hiː leɪ ɑːn hɪz bed ˈmoʊʃənləs/
Line 2
Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.
/ðen hiː went tuː hɪz ˈkʌmpəniː kəˈmændər ənd əbˈteɪnd liːv tuː ˈvɪzɪt ðə stæf/
Line 3
Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.
Line 4
Daddy Eróshka was the only one to see him off.
Line 5
They had a drink, and then a second, and then yet another.
/ðeɪ hæd ə drɪŋk ənd ðen ə ˈsekənd ənd ðen jet əˈnʌðər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accounts noun US /əˈkaʊnts/

plural of “account” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading “Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.”

commander noun US /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.”

Daddy noun US /ˈdædi/

an informal term for a father; probably derived from baby talk

From this reading “Daddy Eróshka was the only one to see him off.”

fort noun US /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading “Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.”

landlord noun US /ˈlændlɔːrd/

a landowner who leases to others

From this reading “Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.”

regiment verb US /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading “Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.”

staff noun US /stæf/

personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task

From this reading “Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.”

stationed verb US /ˈsteɪʃənd/

past form of “station” — assign to a station

From this reading “Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They had a drink, and then a second, and then yet another.

accountsnounUS /əˈkaʊnts/

plural of “account” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading They had a drink, and then a second, and then yet another.

anyonepronounUS /ˈeniwʌn/

any person at all

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.

DaddynounUS /ˈdædi/

an informal term for a father; probably derived from baby talk

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was the only one to see him off.

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading They had a drink, and then a second, and then yet another.

Eróshka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was the only one to see him off.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They had a drink, and then a second, and then yet another.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was the only one to see him off.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.

landlordnounUS /ˈlændlɔːrd/

a landowner who leases to others

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.

motionlessadjectiveUS /ˈmoʊʃənləs/

not in physical motion

From this reading For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was the only one to see him off.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was the only one to see him off.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was the only one to see him off.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

returningadjectiveUS /rɪˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

tending to return to an earlier state

From this reading For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading They had a drink, and then a second, and then yet another.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Daddy Eróshka was the only one to see him off.

sendingnounUS /ˈsendɪŋ/

the act of causing something to go (especially messages)

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

settleverbUS /ˈsetəl/

settle into a position, usually on a surface or ground

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

staffnounUS /stæf/

personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task

From this reading Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.

stationedverbUS /ˈsteɪʃənd/

past form of “station” — assign to a station

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had a drink, and then a second, and then yet another.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading For two hours after returning home he lay on his bed motionless.

Vanyúsha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Then he went to his company commander and obtained leave to visit the staff.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

WithoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Without taking leave of anyone, and sending Vanyúsha to settle his accounts with his landlord, he prepared to leave for the fort where his regiment was stationed.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading They had a drink, and then a second, and then yet another.

Chapter 40 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 170 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 40 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 contain?

Chapter 40 holds 170 sentences of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 40 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 170 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 40 of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 40 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 40 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Common questions about reading The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852?

Yes. All 4174 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4761 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4761, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 take to read?

About 347 minutes of reading across 835 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section

How to work through The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-rate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Repeating
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ready
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cossacks: A Tale of 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.