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The Countess Cosel
The Countess Cosel

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of The Countess Cosel is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Countess Cosel
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.
Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.
Her foes disappeared one after another.
Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.
The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Countess Cosel

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of The Countess Cosel is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.
/ˈmeni ˈtʃeɪndʒəz tʊk pleɪs æt ðə kɔːrt ɪn ˈdrezdɪn/
Line 2
Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.
Line 3
Her foes disappeared one after another.
/hɜːr foʊz ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd wʌn ˈæftər əˈnʌðər/
Line 4
Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.
/əˈmɪd ðə ˈruːənz kɪŋ ɑːˈɡʌstəs ðə strɔːŋ wɑːz ˈɔːlweɪz ˈstændɪŋ mæɡˈnɪfəsənt ˈθroʊɪŋ əˈweɪ ɡoʊld ˈsiːkɪŋ ˈpleʒərz bʌt nɑːt ˈbiːɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tuː faɪnd ðem/
Line 5
The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Augustus noun US /ɑːˈɡʌstəs/

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading “Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.”

avenged adjective US /əˈvendʒd/

for which vengeance has been taken

From this reading “Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.”

changes noun US /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading “Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.”

Dresden noun US /ˈdrezdɪn/

a city in southeastern Germany on the Elbe River; it was almost totally destroyed by British air raids in 1945

From this reading “Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.”

foes noun US /foʊz/

plural of “foe” — an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading “Her foes disappeared one after another.”

oppose verb US /əˈpoʊz/

be against; express opposition to

From this reading “The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.”

pleasures noun US /ˈpleʒərz/

plural of “pleasure” — a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading “Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.”

ruins noun US /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading “Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Amid the ruins preposition + article + noun counted as “amid … ruin”

In this reading “Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.”

throwing away verb + particle counted as “throw away”

throw or cast away

In this reading “Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.”

took place verb + noun counted as “take place”

come to pass

In this reading “Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.”

without putting preposition + noun

In this reading “Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

afraidadjectiveUS /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Her foes disappeared one after another.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

AmidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Her foes disappeared one after another.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.

AugustusnounUS /ɑːˈɡʌstəs/

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

avengedadjectiveUS /əˈvendʒd/

for which vengeance has been taken

From this reading Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.

Cosel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.

CountessnounUS /ˈkaʊntəs/

female equivalent of a count or earl

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.

Denhoff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

disappearedverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd/

past form of “disappear” — get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading Her foes disappeared one after another.

DresdennounUS /ˈdrezdɪn/

a city in southeastern Germany on the Elbe River; it was almost totally destroyed by British air raids in 1945

From this reading Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

foesnounUS /foʊz/

plural of “foe” — an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading Her foes disappeared one after another.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.

Marie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

marryverbUS /ˈmeri/

take in marriage

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Her foes disappeared one after another.

opposeverbUS /əˈpoʊz/

be against; express opposition to

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.

pleasuresnounUS /ˈpleʒərz/

plural of “pleasure” — a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

puttingnounUS /ˈpʌtɪŋ/

hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter

From this reading Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

seekingnounUS /ˈsiːkɪŋ/

the act of searching for something

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

StrongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

throwingverbUS /ˈθroʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading Amid the ruins King Augustus the Strong was always standing magnificent, throwing away gold, seeking pleasures, but not being able to find them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Many changes took place at the Court in Dresden.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Cosel was avenged without putting her hand to it.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The Countess Marie Denhoff, being afraid that she might meet the fate of Cosel, thought it would be wise to marry, and the King did not oppose it.

Chapter 28 of The Countess Cosel by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski holds 159 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of The Countess Cosel contain?

Chapter 28 holds 159 sentences of The Countess Cosel, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of The Countess Cosel by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 159 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of The Countess Cosel?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Countess Cosel

Common questions about reading The Countess Cosel by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Countess Cosel?

Yes. All 5282 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37623 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Countess Cosel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37623, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Countess Cosel take to read?

About 440 minutes of reading across 1057 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Countess Cosel section by section

How to work through The Countess Cosel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of The Countess Cosel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Countess Cosel

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Countess Cosel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Alternate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Countess Cosel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spelling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Countess Cosel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Countess Cosel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jozef
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Countess Cosel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.