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The Covered Wagon
The Covered Wagon

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Covered Wagon is here in full — 151 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.
There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.
There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.
The rank and file had reasons enough for shifting.
There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Covered Wagon

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Covered Wagon is here in full — 151 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.
Line 2
There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.
Line 3
There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.
Line 4
The rank and file had reasons enough for shifting.
/ðə ræŋk ənd faɪl hæd ˈriːzənz ɪˈnʌf fɔːr ˈʃɪftɪŋ/
Line 5
There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arbitrary adjective US /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading “There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.”

avid adjective US /ˈævəd/

(often followed by “for”) ardently or excessively desirous

From this reading “There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.”

babes noun US /beɪbz/

plural of “babe” — a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading “There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.”

enforce verb US /enˈfɔːrs/

ensure observance of laws and rules

From this reading “There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.”

futility noun US /fjuːˈtɪləti/

uselessness as a consequence of having no practical result

From this reading “There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.”

Helens noun US /ˈhelənz/

plural of “helen” — (Greek mythology) the beautiful daughter of Zeus and Leda who was abducted by Paris; the Greek army sailed to Troy to get her back which resulted in the Trojan War

From this reading “There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.”

loads noun US /loʊdz/

a large number or amount

From this reading “There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.”

teams noun US /tiːmz/

plural of “team” — a cooperative unit (especially in sports)

From this reading “There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.

AGAINSTprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

arbitraryadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.

attemptsnounUS /əˈtempts/

plural of “attempt” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

avidadjectiveUS /ˈævəd/

(often followed by “for”) ardently or excessively desirous

From this reading There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.

babesnounUS /beɪbz/

plural of “babe” — a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.

caravannounUS /ˈkærəvæn/

a procession (of wagons or mules or camels) traveling together in single file

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.

coteries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

creeknounUS /kriːk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

enforceverbUS /enˈfɔːrs/

ensure observance of laws and rules

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading The rank and file had reasons enough for shifting.

fatadjectiveUS /fæt/

having an (over)abundance of flesh

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.

fileverbUS /faɪl/

record in a public office or in a court of law

From this reading The rank and file had reasons enough for shifting.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The rank and file had reasons enough for shifting.

futilitynounUS /fjuːˈtɪləti/

uselessness as a consequence of having no practical result

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

groupsnounUS /ɡruːps/

plural of “group” — any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The rank and file had reasons enough for shifting.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

HelensnounUS /ˈhelənz/

plural of “helen” — (Greek mythology) the beautiful daughter of Zeus and Leda who was abducted by Paris; the Greek army sailed to Troy to get her back which resulted in the Trojan War

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

kindredadjectiveUS /ˈkɪndrɪd/

similar in quality or character

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

loadsnounUS /loʊdz/

a large number or amount

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

maidsnounUS /meɪdz/

plural of “maid” — a female domestic

From this reading There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.

MANnounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

marriageableadjective

of girls or women who are eligible to marry

From this reading There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

neighbornounUS /ˈneɪbər/

a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

pursuednounUS /pərˈsuːd/

a person who is being chased

From this reading There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading The rank and file had reasons enough for shifting.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading The rank and file had reasons enough for shifting.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

scorenounUS /skɔːr/

a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance)

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

shiftingadjectiveUS /ˈʃɪftɪŋ/

continuously varying

From this reading The rank and file had reasons enough for shifting.

soulsnounUS /soʊlz/

plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

springyadjective

elastic; rebounds readily

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

swains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were more than a thousand children, more than a hundred babes in arm, more than fifty marriageable maids pursued by avid swains.

teamsnounUS /tiːmz/

plural of “team” — a cooperative unit (especially in sports)

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

turfnounUS /tɜːrf/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

wagonsnounUS /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading There were a score of Helens driving wagons--reasons in plenty for the futility of all attempts to enforce an arbitrary rule of march.

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading There were bold souls and weak, strong teams and weak, heavy loads and light loads, neighbor groups and coteries of kindred blood or kindred spirits.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading MAN AGAINST MAN There were more than two thousand souls in the great caravan which reached over miles of springy turf and fat creek lands.

Chapter 7 of The Covered Wagon by Emerson Hough holds 151 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Covered Wagon contain?

Chapter 7 holds 151 sentences of The Covered Wagon, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Covered Wagon by Emerson Hough exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 151 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Covered Wagon?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Covered Wagon

Common questions about reading The Covered Wagon by Emerson Hough on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Covered Wagon?

Yes. All 6631 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13384 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Covered Wagon is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13384, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Covered Wagon take to read?

About 552 minutes of reading across 1327 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Covered Wagon section by section

How to work through The Covered Wagon section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Covered Wagon to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Covered Wagon

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Covered Wagon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Jesse
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Forty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Families
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.