Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Covered Wagon
The Covered Wagon

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Covered Wagon is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Covered Wagon
Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.
They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.
The cry of "Buffalo!
Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.
Of these hundreds of hunters, few had any experience on the Plains.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Covered Wagon

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Covered Wagon is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.
/ðə ˈbʌfəloʊ ðə ˈeməɡrənts hæd naʊ ərˈaɪvd æt ðə ˈiːstərn edʒ ʌv ðə ɡreɪt ˈriːdʒən ʌv friː ənd əˈbʌndənt miːt/
Line 2
They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.
/ðeɪ naʊ maɪt kaʊnt ɑːn æt liːst sɪks ɔːr ˈsevən ˈhʌndrəd maɪlz ʌv ˈbʌfəloʊ tuː səbˈsɪst ðem ɑːn ðer weɪ tuː ˈɔːrəɡən/
Line 3
The cry of "Buffalo!
/ðə kraɪ ʌv ˈbʌfəloʊ/
Line 4
Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.
Line 5
Of these hundreds of hunters, few had any experience on the Plains.
/ʌv ðiːz ˈhʌndrədz ʌv ˈhʌntərz fjuː hæd ˈeni ɪkˈspɪriəns ɑːn ðə pleɪnz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abundant adjective US /əˈbʌndənt/

present in great quantity

From this reading “THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.”

buffalo noun US /ˈbʌfəloʊ/

large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains

From this reading “THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.”

emigrants noun US /ˈeməɡrənts/

plural of “emigrant” — someone who leaves one country to settle in another

From this reading “THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.”

hunters noun US /ˈhʌntərz/

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading “Of these hundreds of hunters, few had any experience on the Plains.”

muster verb US /ˈmʌstər/

gather or bring together

From this reading “Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.”

Oregon noun US /ˈɔːrəɡən/

a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific

From this reading “They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.”

subsist verb US /səbˈsɪst/

support oneself

From this reading “They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.”

wagons noun US /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading “Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

abundantadjectiveUS /əˈbʌndənt/

present in great quantity

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Of these hundreds of hunters, few had any experience on the Plains.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

BUFFALOnounUS /ˈbʌfəloʊ/

large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

chaseverbUS /tʃeɪs/

go after with the intent to catch

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

countverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading The cry of "Buffalo!

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

emigrantsnounUS /ˈeməɡrənts/

plural of “emigrant” — someone who leaves one country to settle in another

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

excitementnounUS /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/

the feeling of lively and cheerful joy

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading Of these hundreds of hunters, few had any experience on the Plains.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Of these hundreds of hunters, few had any experience on the Plains.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

gunnounUS /ɡʌn/

a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

hundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading Of these hundreds of hunters, few had any experience on the Plains.

huntersnounUS /ˈhʌntərz/

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading Of these hundreds of hunters, few had any experience on the Plains.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

joyouslyadverb

in a joyous and gleeful manner

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

meatnounUS /miːt/

the flesh of animals (including fishes and birds and snails) used as food

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

musterverbUS /ˈmʌstər/

gather or bring together

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

OregonnounUS /ˈɔːrəɡən/

a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

PlainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading Of these hundreds of hunters, few had any experience on the Plains.

profitnounUS /ˈprɑːfət/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

subsistverbUS /səbˈsɪst/

support oneself

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BUFFALO The emigrants had now arrived at the eastern edge of the great region of free and abundant meat.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Of these hundreds of hunters, few had any experience on the Plains.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

wagonsnounUS /ˈwæɡənz/

plural of “wagon” — any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading They now might count on at least six or seven hundred miles of buffalo to subsist them on their way to Oregon.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Buffalo!" went joyously down the lines of wagons, and every man who could muster a horse and a gun made ready for that chase which above all others meant most, whether in excitement or in profit.

Chapter 18 of The Covered Wagon by Emerson Hough holds 127 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Covered Wagon contain?

Chapter 18 holds 127 sentences of The Covered Wagon, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Covered Wagon by Emerson Hough exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 127 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Covered Wagon?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Covered Wagon

Common questions about reading The Covered Wagon by Emerson Hough on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Covered Wagon?

Yes. All 6631 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13384 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Covered Wagon is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13384, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Covered Wagon take to read?

About 552 minutes of reading across 1327 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Covered Wagon section by section

How to work through The Covered Wagon section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Covered Wagon to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Covered Wagon

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Covered Wagon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Jesse
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Forty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Families
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.