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The Covered Wagon
The Covered Wagon

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The Covered Wagon is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Covered Wagon
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.
His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.
His pointed beard fell on his breast.
He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.
It was his way.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Covered Wagon

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The Covered Wagon is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.
/oʊld ˈlerəmi æn oʊld ɡreɪ mæn ɪn ˈbʌkskɪnz sæt ɑːn ðə ɡraʊnd ɪn ðə ʃeɪd ʌv ðə əˈdoʊbi ˈstɑːkeɪd æt oʊld fɔːrt ˈlerəmi hɪz niːz haɪ ɪn frʌnt ʌv hɪm hɪz aɪz fɪkst ɑːn ðə ɡraʊnd/
Line 2
His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.
/hɪz her fel ˈoʊvər hɪz ˈʃoʊldərz ɪn lɔːŋ kɜːrlz wɪtʃ hæd wʌns bɪn braʊn/
Line 3
His pointed beard fell on his breast.
/hɪz ˈpɔɪntɪd bɪrd fel ɑːn hɪz brest/
Line 4
He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.
/hiː sæt ˈsaɪlənt ənd ˈmoʊʃənləs seɪv ðæt ˈkɑːnstəntli hiː ˈtwɪstɪd ə kɜːrl ərˈaʊnd ə ˈfɔːrfɪŋɡər ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈɡen/
Line 5
It was his way.
/ɪt wɑːz hɪz weɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adobe noun US /əˈdoʊbi/

the clay from which adobe bricks are made

From this reading “OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.”

buckskins noun US /ˈbʌkskɪnz/

(used in the plural) breeches made of buckskin

From this reading “OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.”

curl verb US /kɜːrl/

form a curl, curve, or kink

From this reading “He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.”

curls noun US /kɜːrlz/

plural of “curl” — a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles (as formed by leaves or flower petals)

From this reading “His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.”

forefinger noun US /ˈfɔːrfɪŋɡər/

the finger next to the thumb

From this reading “He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.”

laramie noun US /ˈlerəmi/

a university town in southeast Wyoming

From this reading “OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.”

stockade noun US /ˈstɑːkeɪd/

fortification consisting of a fence made of a line of stout posts set firmly for defense

From this reading “OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.”

twisted adjective US /ˈtwɪstɪd/

having an intended meaning altered or misrepresented

From this reading “He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

adobenounUS /əˈdoʊbi/

the clay from which adobe bricks are made

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

beardnounUS /bɪrd/

the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face

From this reading His pointed beard fell on his breast.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading His pointed beard fell on his breast.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.

buckskinsnounUS /ˈbʌkskɪnz/

(used in the plural) breeches made of buckskin

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

curlverbUS /kɜːrl/

form a curl, curve, or kink

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

curlsnounUS /kɜːrlz/

plural of “curl” — a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles (as formed by leaves or flower petals)

From this reading His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

forefingernounUS /ˈfɔːrfɪŋɡər/

the finger next to the thumb

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was his way.

kneesnounUS /niːz/

plural of “knee” — hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

LARAMIEnounUS /ˈlerəmi/

a university town in southeast Wyoming

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

motionlessadjectiveUS /ˈmoʊʃənləs/

not in physical motion

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

OLDadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.

pointedadjectiveUS /ˈpɔɪntɪd/

having a point

From this reading His pointed beard fell on his breast.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

stockadenounUS /ˈstɑːkeɪd/

fortification consisting of a fence made of a line of stout posts set firmly for defense

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OLD LARAMIE An old gray man in buckskins sat on the ground in the shade of the adobe stockade at old Fort Laramie, his knees high in front of him, his eyes fixed on the ground.

twistedadjectiveUS /ˈtwɪstɪd/

having an intended meaning altered or misrepresented

From this reading He sat silent and motionless, save that constantly he twisted a curl around a forefinger, over and over again.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was his way.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It was his way.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading His hair fell over his shoulders in long curls which had once been brown.

Chapter 22 of The Covered Wagon by Emerson Hough holds 159 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of The Covered Wagon contain?

Chapter 22 holds 159 sentences of The Covered Wagon, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of The Covered Wagon by Emerson Hough exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 159 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of The Covered Wagon?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Covered Wagon

Common questions about reading The Covered Wagon by Emerson Hough on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Covered Wagon?

Yes. All 6631 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13384 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Covered Wagon is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13384, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Covered Wagon take to read?

About 552 minutes of reading across 1327 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Covered Wagon section by section

How to work through The Covered Wagon section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Covered Wagon to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Covered Wagon

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Covered Wagon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Jesse
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Forty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Families
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.