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The Covered Wagon
The Covered Wagon

Chapter XXXVIII · Chapter 38

Chapter 38 of The Covered Wagon is here in full — 129 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
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THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.
The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.
That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.
Once light of mien, now he smiled never at all.
For hours he would seem to go about his duties as an automaton.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Covered Wagon

Chapter XXXVIII · Chapter 38

Chapter 38 of The Covered Wagon is here in full — 129 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.
/ðə ˈkɪlər kɪld ə rʌf loʊ ˈkæbən ʌv lɔːɡz ˈheɪstəli θroʊn təˈɡeðər haʊzd θruː ðə ˈwɪntər mʌnθs ʌv ðə siˈerə ˈfʊthɪlz ðə tuː men huː naʊ ɪn ðə wɔːrm deɪz ʌv ˈɜːrli dʒuːn sæt baɪ ðə ˈprɪmətɪv ˈfaɪərpleɪs ˈkʊkɪŋ ə ˈmɪddeɪ miːl/
Line 2
The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.
/ðə ˈoʊldər mæn θɪn ˈbɪrdəd huː naʊ spʌn ə saɪd ʌv ˈvenəsən rɪbz ɑːn ə kɔːrd ɪn frʌnt ʌv ðə ˈoʊ.pən ˈfaɪər wɑːz ðə ˈmaʊntən mæn bɪl ˈdʒæksən æz ˈeniwʌn maɪt tel huː ˈevər hæd siːn hɪm fɔːr hiː hæd tʃeɪndʒd bʌt ˈlɪtəl/
Line 3
That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.
Line 4
Once light of mien, now he smiled never at all.
/wʌns laɪt ʌv miːn naʊ hiː smaɪld ˈnevər æt ɔːl/
Line 5
For hours he would seem to go about his duties as an automaton.
/fɔːr ˈaʊərz hiː wʊd siːm tuː ɡoʊ əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈduːtiz æz æn ɔːˈtɑːmətɑːn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

automaton noun US /ɔːˈtɑːmətɑːn/

someone who acts or responds in a mechanical or apathetic way

From this reading “For hours he would seem to go about his duties as an automaton.”

buckskins noun US /ˈbʌkskɪnz/

(used in the plural) breeches made of buckskin

From this reading “That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.”

foothills noun US /ˈfʊthɪlz/

plural of “foothill” — a relatively low hill on the lower slope of a mountain

From this reading “THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.”

housed verb US /haʊzd/

past form of “house” — contain or cover

From this reading “THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.”

killer noun US /ˈkɪlər/

someone who causes the death of a person or animal

From this reading “THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.”

mien noun US /miːn/

dignified manner or conduct

From this reading “Once light of mien, now he smiled never at all.”

Sierra noun US /siˈerə/

a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading “THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.”

venison noun US /ˈvenəsən/

meat from a deer used as food

From this reading “The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading For hours he would seem to go about his duties as an automaton.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Once light of mien, now he smiled never at all.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

alteredadjectiveUS /ˈɔːltərd/

changed in form or character without becoming something else

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading For hours he would seem to go about his duties as an automaton.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

anyonepronounUS /ˈeniwʌn/

any person at all

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Once light of mien, now he smiled never at all.

automatonnounUS /ɔːˈtɑːmətɑːn/

someone who acts or responds in a mechanical or apathetic way

From this reading For hours he would seem to go about his duties as an automaton.

Banion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

beardedadjectiveUS /ˈbɪrdəd/

having hair on the cheeks and chin

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

BillnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

buckskinsnounUS /ˈbʌkskɪnz/

(used in the plural) breeches made of buckskin

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

cabinnounUS /ˈkæbən/

small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

closeradverbUS /ˈkloʊsər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

cookingnounUS /ˈkʊkɪŋ/

the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

cordnounUS /kɔːrd/

a line made of twisted fibers or threads

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

determineverbUS /dəˈtɜːrmən/

establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

dutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading For hours he would seem to go about his duties as an automaton.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

fireplacenounUS /ˈfaɪərpleɪs/

an open recess in a wall at the base of a chimney where a fire can be built

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

foothillsnounUS /ˈfʊthɪlz/

plural of “foothill” — a relatively low hill on the lower slope of a mountain

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading For hours he would seem to go about his duties as an automaton.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

hastilyadverbUS /ˈheɪstəli/

in a hurried or hasty manner

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading For hours he would seem to go about his duties as an automaton.

housedverbUS /haʊzd/

past form of “house” — contain or cover

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

JacksonnounUS /ˈdʒæksən/

English film actress who later became a member of British Parliament (born in 1936)

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

KILLEDverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

KILLERnounUS /ˈkɪlər/

someone who causes the death of a person or animal

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Once light of mien, now he smiled never at all.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

logsnounUS /lɔːɡz/

plural of “log” — a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

mealnounUS /miːl/

the food served and eaten at one time

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

middaynounUS /ˈmɪddeɪ/

the middle of the day

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

miennounUS /miːn/

dignified manner or conduct

From this reading Once light of mien, now he smiled never at all.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Once light of mien, now he smiled never at all.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

OnceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Once light of mien, now he smiled never at all.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

ribsnounUS /rɪbz/

plural of “rib” — support resembling the rib of an animal

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

scrutinynounUS /ˈskruːtəni/

the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading For hours he would seem to go about his duties as an automaton.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

SierranounUS /siˈerə/

a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

smiledverbUS /smaɪld/

past form of “smile” — change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading Once light of mien, now he smiled never at all.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

spunverbUS /spʌn/

inflected form of “spin” — revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

venisonnounUS /ˈvenəsən/

meat from a deer used as food

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The older man, thin, bearded, who now spun a side of venison ribs on a cord in front of the open fire, was the mountain man, Bill Jackson, as anyone might tell who ever had seen him, for he had changed but little.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

Willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading THE KILLER KILLED A rough low cabin of logs, hastily thrown together, housed through the winter months of the Sierra foothills the two men who now, in the warm days of early June, sat by the primitive fireplace cooking a midday meal.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading That his companion, younger, bearded, dressed also in buckskins, was Will Banion it would have taken closer scrutiny even of a friend to determine, so much had the passing of these few months altered him in appearance and in manner.

Chapter 38 of The Covered Wagon by Emerson Hough holds 129 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 38 of The Covered Wagon contain?

Chapter 38 holds 129 sentences of The Covered Wagon, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 38 of The Covered Wagon by Emerson Hough exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 129 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 38 of The Covered Wagon?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 38 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 38 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Covered Wagon

Common questions about reading The Covered Wagon by Emerson Hough on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Covered Wagon?

Yes. All 6631 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13384 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Covered Wagon is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13384, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Covered Wagon take to read?

About 552 minutes of reading across 1327 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Covered Wagon section by section

How to work through The Covered Wagon section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Covered Wagon to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Covered Wagon

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Covered Wagon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Jesse
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Forty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Families
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Covered Wagon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.