Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Crater
The Crater

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Crater is here in full — 162 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Crater
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."
_Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.
As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.
Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.
The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Crater

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Crater is here in full — 162 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."
Line 2
_Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.
Line 3
As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.
Line 4
Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.
Line 5
The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

classics noun US /ˈklæsɪks/

study of the literary works of ancient Greece and Rome

From this reading “As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.”

commodity noun US /kəˈmɑːdəti/

articles of commerce

From this reading “"'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."”

exuberance noun US /ɪɡˈzuːbərəns/

joyful enthusiasm

From this reading “As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.”

fretting verb US /ˈfretɪŋ/

inflected form of “fret” — worry unnecessarily or excessively

From this reading “"'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."”

Mythology noun US /məˈθɑːlədʒiː/

myths collectively; the body of stories associated with a culture or institution or person

From this reading “As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.”

nomenclature noun US /ˈnoʊmənkleɪtʃər/

a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline

From this reading “Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.”

Taming verb US /ˈteɪmɪŋ/

-ing form of “tame” — correct by punishment or discipline

Twill noun US /twɪl/

a weave used to produce the effect of parallel diagonal ribs

From this reading “"'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

Alminys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

Amindys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

AncientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

Bettys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

BiblenounUS /ˈbaɪbəl/

the sacred writings of the Christian religions

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

cnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

classicsnounUS /ˈklæsɪks/

study of the literary works of ancient Greece and Rome

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

commoditynounUS /kəˈmɑːdəti/

articles of commerce

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

Cytherys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

derivedadjectiveUS /dərˈaɪvd/

formed or developed from something else; not original

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

Dollys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

exhaustedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

exuberancenounUS /ɪɡˈzuːbərəns/

joyful enthusiasm

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

frettingverbUS /ˈfretɪŋ/

inflected form of “fret” — worry unnecessarily or excessively

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

gainverbUS /ɡeɪn/

obtain

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

HeathennounUS /ˈhiːðən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

HistorynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

ingeniousadjectiveUS /ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs/

Clever, original, and remarkably inventive in design and execution.

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

inventionnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃən/

the creation of something in the mind

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

Kates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

LibertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

Lowinys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

manifestedverbUS /ˈmænəfestəd/

past form of “manifest” — provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

Marindys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

matter-of-factadjective

not fanciful or imaginative

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

MythologynounUS /məˈθɑːlədʒiː/

myths collectively; the body of stories associated with a culture or institution or person

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

nomenclaturenounUS /ˈnoʊmənkleɪtʃər/

a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

Orchistrys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

organnounUS /ˈɔːrɡən/

a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

Pattys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

perishverbUS /ˈperɪʃ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

Philenys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

philologistnoun

a humanist specializing in classical scholarship

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

pressedadjectiveUS /prest/

compacted by ironing

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

puzzleverbUS /ˈpʌzəl/

be a mystery or bewildering to

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

restrainedadjectiveUS /riˈstreɪnd/

cool and formal in manner

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

riotnounUS /ˈraɪət/

a public act of violence by an unruly mob

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

Sarahlettys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

Shrewnoun

a scolding nagging bad-tempered woman

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

soundsnounUS /saʊndz/

plural of “sound” — the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

steadnounUS /sted/

the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

TamingverbUS /ˈteɪmɪŋ/

-ing form of “tame” — correct by punishment or discipline

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

tendencynounUS /ˈtendənsi/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

Twas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

TwillnounUS /twɪl/

a weave used to produce the effect of parallel diagonal ribs

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The days of the Kates, and Dollys, and Pattys, and Bettys, have passed away, and in their stead we hear of Lowinys, and Orchistrys, Philenys, Alminys, Cytherys, Sarahlettys, Amindys, Marindys, &c.

WhenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading _Taming of the Shrew._ There is nothing in which American Liberty, not always as much restrained as it might be, has manifested a more decided tendency to run riot, than in the use of names.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading As for Christian names, the Heathen Mythology, the Bible, Ancient History, and all the classics, have long since been exhausted, and the organ of invention has been at work with an exuberance of imagination that is really wonderful for such a matter-of-fact people.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Whence all the strange sounds have been derived which have thus been pressed into the service of this human nomenclature, it would puzzle the most ingenious philologist to say.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you; 'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas."

Chapter 1 of The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper holds 162 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Crater contain?

Chapter 1 holds 162 sentences of The Crater, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 162 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Crater?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crater

Common questions about reading The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crater?

Yes. All 6148 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11573 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crater is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11573, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crater take to read?

About 512 minutes of reading across 1230 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Crater section by section

How to work through The Crater section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Crater to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Crater

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crater, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Commodity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fretting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twill
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.