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The Crater
The Crater

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Crater is here in full — 246 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Crater
Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?
Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"
Wilson.
When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.
A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Crater

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Crater is here in full — 246 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?
Line 2
Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"
Line 3
Wilson.
/ˈwɪlsən/
Line 4
When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.
/wen ðə ˈɡʌvərnər hæd kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtɪd tuː hɪz ˈpiːpəl ðæt ðə ˈsævədʒəz wɜːr ˈæktʃuːəli əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈaɪləndz ʌv ðer oʊn ɡruːp ˈsʌmθɪŋ ˈveri laɪk ə ˈpænɪk keɪm ˈoʊvər ðem/
Line 5
A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.
/ə fjuː ˈmɪnəts ˌhaʊˈevər səˈfaɪst tuː rɪˈstɔːr ə ˈprɑːpər dɪˈɡriː ʌv ˈkɑːnfədəns wen ðə ərˈeɪndʒmənts ˈnesəseri tuː ðer ˌɪˈmiːdiːət sɪˈkjʊrəti wɜːr ˈentərd ˈɪntuː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

communicated verb US /kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtɪd/

past form of “communicate” — transmit information

From this reading “When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.”

infant noun US /ˈɪnfənt/

a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading “Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"”

murmuring noun US /ˈmɜːrmərɪŋ/

a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading “Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"”

panic noun US /ˈpænɪk/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading “When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.”

savages noun US /ˈsævədʒəz/

plural of “savage” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading “When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.”

sleeps noun US /sliːps/

plural of “sleep” — a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading “"To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?”

sufficed verb US /səˈfaɪst/

past form of “suffice” — be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity

From this reading “A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.”

Wilson noun US /ˈwɪlsən/

author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)

From this reading “Wilson.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

arrangementsnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənts/

plural of “arrangement” — the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

belongsverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋz/

third-person singular of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

communicatedverbUS /kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtɪd/

past form of “communicate” — transmit information

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

filmyadjective

so thin as to transmit light

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

governornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

immediateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːət/

of the present time and place

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

infantnounUS /ˈɪnfənt/

a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

islandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

minutesnounUS /ˈmɪnəts/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

murmuringnounUS /ˈmɜːrmərɪŋ/

a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

panicnounUS /ˈpænɪk/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

restoreverbUS /rɪˈstɔːr/

return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

savagesnounUS /ˈsævədʒəz/

plural of “savage” — a member of an uncivilized people

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

SaveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

securitynounUS /sɪˈkjʊrəti/

the state of being free from danger or injury

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

SilentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

sleepsnounUS /sliːps/

plural of “sleep” — a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

speaksverbUS /spiːks/

third-person singular of “speak” — express in speech

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

streamlet's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silent as infant at the breast, Save a still sound that speaks of rest, That streamlet's murmuring?"

sufficedverbUS /səˈfaɪst/

past form of “suffice” — be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity

From this reading A few minutes, however, sufficed to restore a proper degree of confidence, when the arrangements necessary to their immediate security were entered into.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the governor had communicated to his people that the savages were actually among the islands of their own group, something very like a panic came over them.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "To whom belongs this valley fair, That sleeps beneath the filmy air, Even like a living thing?

WilsonnounUS /ˈwɪlsən/

author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)

From this reading Wilson.

Chapter 18 of The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper holds 246 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Crater contain?

Chapter 18 holds 246 sentences of The Crater, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 246 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Crater?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crater

Common questions about reading The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crater?

Yes. All 6148 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11573 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crater is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11573, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crater take to read?

About 512 minutes of reading across 1230 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Crater section by section

How to work through The Crater section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Crater to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Crater

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crater, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Commodity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fretting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twill
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.