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The Crater
The Crater

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Crater is here in full — 241 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Crater
Context Illustration Reading 1/48 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.
His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."
Moral Alchemy.
The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.
His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Crater

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Crater is here in full — 241 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/48 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.
Line 2
His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."
/hɪz ˈdɪrəst ˈætrəbjuːt ɪz stɪl tuː bles ənd mænz moʊst ˈwelkəm hɪm ɪz ˈɡreɪtfəl ˈtʃɪrfəlnəs/
Line 3
Moral Alchemy.
/ˈmɔːrəl ˈælkəmi/
Line 4
The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.
Line 5
His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abandon verb US /əˈbændən/

forsake, leave behind

From this reading “His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.”

Alchemy noun US /ˈælkəmi/

the way two individuals relate to each other

From this reading “Moral Alchemy.”

alloy noun US /ˈælɔɪ/

a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten

From this reading “"There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.”

attribute noun US /ˈætrəbjuːt/

a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished

From this reading “His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."”

cheerfulness noun US /ˈtʃɪrfəlnəs/

the quality of being cheerful and dispelling gloom

From this reading “His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."”

fitting adjective US /ˈfɪtɪŋ/

in harmony with the spirit of particular persons or occasion

From this reading “His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.”

hymn noun US /hɪm/

a song of praise (to God or to a saint or to a nation)

From this reading “His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."”

sorrows noun US /ˈsɑːroʊz/

plural of “sorrow” — an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading “"There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

abandonverbUS /əˈbændən/

forsake, leave behind

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

AlchemynounUS /ˈælkəmi/

the way two individuals relate to each other

From this reading Moral Alchemy.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

alloynounUS /ˈælɔɪ/

a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

attributenounUS /ˈætrəbjuːt/

a construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

blessverbUS /bles/

give a benediction to

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

bringingnounUS /ˈbrɪŋɪŋ/

the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail)

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

cautionnounUS /ˈkɑːʃən/

the trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger

From this reading The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.

Chastens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

cheerfulnessnounUS /ˈtʃɪrfəlnəs/

the quality of being cheerful and dispelling gloom

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

choseverbUS /tʃoʊz/

inflected form of “choose” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

dearestnounUS /ˈdɪrəst/

a beloved person; used as terms of endearment

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

fillingnounUS /ˈfɪlɪŋ/

any material that fills a space or container

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

fittingadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtɪŋ/

in harmony with the spirit of particular persons or occasion

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

FreeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

gloomnounUS /ɡluːm/

a state of partial or total darkness

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

gratefuladjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtfəl/

feeling or showing gratitude

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

hymnnounUS /hɪm/

a song of praise (to God or to a saint or to a nation)

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

islandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

MarkverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

modenounUS /moʊd/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.

MoraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading Moral Alchemy.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

proceedingnounUS /prəˈsiːdɪŋ/

(law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked

From this reading The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.

sandal-wood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

sorrowsnounUS /ˈsɑːroʊz/

plural of “sorrow” — an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

Transmuting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "There is no gloom on earth, for God above Chastens in love; Transmuting sorrows into golden joy Free from alloy.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

voyagenounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒ/

an act of traveling by water

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading His dearest attribute is still to bless, And man's most welcome hymn is grateful cheerfulness."

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His mind was fully made up not to desert his islands, although this might easily be done, by fitting out the ship for another voyage, filling her with sandal-wood, and bringing off all who chose to abandon the place.

Woolston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The mode of proceeding now required great caution on the part of Mark Woolston.

Chapter 20 of The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper holds 241 sentences, grouped into 49 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Crater contain?

Chapter 20 holds 241 sentences of The Crater, unabridged, divided into 49 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 241 sentences, grouped into 49 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Crater?

Work through the 49 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 49 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crater

Common questions about reading The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crater?

Yes. All 6148 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11573 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crater is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11573, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crater take to read?

About 512 minutes of reading across 1230 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Crater section by section

How to work through The Crater section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Crater to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Crater

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crater, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Commodity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fretting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twill
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.