Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Crater
The Crater

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The Crater is here in full — 182 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Crater
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."
Byron.
The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.
Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.
Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Crater

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The Crater is here in full — 182 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."
/juː hæv sed ðeɪ ɑːr men æz sʌtʃ ðer hɑːrts ɑːr ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
Line 2
Byron.
/ˈbaɪrən/
Line 3
The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.
/ðə ˈkɑːləni hæd naʊ riːtʃt ə pɔɪnt wen ɪt bɪˈkeɪm ˈnesəseri tuː prəˈsiːd wɪð ˈmeθəd ənd ˈkɑːʃən/
Line 4
Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.
Line 5
Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Byron noun US /ˈbaɪrən/

English romantic poet notorious for his rebellious and unconventional lifestyle (1788-1824)

From this reading “Byron.”

colony noun US /ˈkɑːləni/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading “The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.”

dispose verb US /dɪˈspoʊz/

give, sell, or transfer to another

From this reading “Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.”

notions noun US /ˈnoʊʃənz/

plural of “notion” — a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading “Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.”

oppose verb US /əˈpoʊz/

be against; express opposition to

From this reading “Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.”

prevailed verb US /prɪˈveɪld/

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading “Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.”

unsettle verb US /ənˈsetəl/

disturb the composure of

From this reading “Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.”

wayward adjective US /ˈweɪwərd/

resistant to guidance or discipline

From this reading “Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

ByronnounUS /ˈbaɪrən/

English romantic poet notorious for his rebellious and unconventional lifestyle (1788-1824)

From this reading Byron.

cautionnounUS /ˈkɑːʃən/

the trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

cavilnoun

an evasion of the point of an argument by raising irrelevant distinctions or objections

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

CertainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

colonynounUS /ˈkɑːləni/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

defendverbUS /dɪˈfend/

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

disposeverbUS /dɪˈspoʊz/

give, sell, or transfer to another

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

governornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading "You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

interestsnounUS /ˈɪntrəsts/

plural of “interest” — a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading "You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

notionsnounUS /ˈnoʊʃənz/

plural of “notion” — a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

opposeverbUS /əˈpoʊz/

be against; express opposition to

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

permanencynoun

the property of being able to exist for an indefinite duration

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

prevailedverbUS /prɪˈveɪld/

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

proceedverbUS /prəˈsiːd/

continue talking

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

reflectedadjectiveUS /rɪˈflektɪd/

(especially of incident sound or light) bent or sent back

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading "You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading "You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading "You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

unfrequently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

unsettleverbUS /ənˈsetəl/

disturb the composure of

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

waywardadjectiveUS /ˈweɪwərd/

resistant to guidance or discipline

From this reading Men are fond of change; half the time, for a reason no better than that it is change; and, not unfrequently, they permit this wayward feeling to unsettle interests that are of the last importance to them, and which find no small part of their virtue in their permanency.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Certain great principles were to be established, on which the governor had long reflected, and he was fully prepared to set them up, and to defend them, though he knew that ideas prevailed among a few of his people, which might dispose them to cavil at his notions, if not absolutely to oppose him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The colony had now reached a point when it became necessary to proceed with method and caution.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "You have said they are men; As such their hearts are something."

Chapter 22 of The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper holds 182 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of The Crater contain?

Chapter 22 holds 182 sentences of The Crater, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 182 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of The Crater?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crater

Common questions about reading The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crater?

Yes. All 6148 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11573 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crater is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11573, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crater take to read?

About 512 minutes of reading across 1230 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Crater section by section

How to work through The Crater section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Crater to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Crater

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crater, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Commodity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fretting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twill
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.