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The Crater
The Crater

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of The Crater is here in full — 198 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Crater
Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.
O, sin! what hast thou done on this fair earth?
The world, O man! is wailing o'er thy birth."
Dana.
It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Crater

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of The Crater is here in full — 198 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.
Line 2
O, sin! what hast thou done on this fair earth?
/oʊ sɪn wʌt hæst ðaʊ dʌn ɑːn ðɪs fer ɜːrθ/
Line 3
The world, O man! is wailing o'er thy birth."
Line 4
Dana.
/ˈdeɪnə/
Line 5
It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.
/ɪt wɑːz ðə ˈpɑːləsi ʌv ðə ˈkɑːlənɪsts tuː led ðer pərˈsuːərz dərˈektli ʌp tuː ðə ˈwestərn roʊdz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

colonists noun US /ˈkɑːlənɪsts/

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading “It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.”

Dana noun US /ˈdeɪnə/

Celtic goddess who was the mother of the Tuatha De Danann; identified with the Welsh Don

From this reading “Dana.”

deafening adjective US /ˈdefənɪŋ/

loud enough to cause (temporary) hearing loss

From this reading “"It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.”

gleams noun US /ɡliːmz/

plural of “gleam” — an appearance of reflected light

From this reading “"It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.”

nests noun US /nests/

plural of “nest” — a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young

From this reading “"It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.”

pursuers noun US /pərˈsuːərz/

plural of “pursuer” — a person who is pursuing and trying to overtake or capture

From this reading “It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.”

scares noun US /skerz/

plural of “scare” — sudden mass fear and anxiety over anticipated events

From this reading “"It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.”

screams noun US /skriːmz/

plural of “scream” — sharp piercing cry

From this reading “"It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading The world, O man! is wailing o'er thy birth."

breastsnounUS /brests/

plural of “breast” — the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

colonistsnounUS /ˈkɑːlənɪsts/

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.

DananounUS /ˈdeɪnə/

Celtic goddess who was the mother of the Tuatha De Danann; identified with the Welsh Don

From this reading Dana.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

dartverbUS /dɑːrt/

move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

deafeningadjectiveUS /ˈdefənɪŋ/

loud enough to cause (temporary) hearing loss

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.

disastrousadjectiveUS /dɪˈzæstrəs/

(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading O, sin! what hast thou done on this fair earth?

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading O, sin! what hast thou done on this fair earth?

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading O, sin! what hast thou done on this fair earth?

FlashverbUS /flæʃ/

gleam or glow intermittently

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

gleamsnounUS /ɡliːmz/

plural of “gleam” — an appearance of reflected light

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

hastauxiliary verbUS /hæst/

an old form of “have”, used with “thou”

From this reading O, sin! what hast thou done on this fair earth?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The world, O man! is wailing o'er thy birth."

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The world, O man! is wailing o'er thy birth."

nestsnounUS /nests/

plural of “nest” — a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading O, sin! what hast thou done on this fair earth?

o'eradverb

throughout a period of time

From this reading The world, O man! is wailing o'er thy birth."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading O, sin! what hast thou done on this fair earth?

policynounUS /ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.

pursuersnounUS /pərˈsuːərz/

plural of “pursuer” — a person who is pursuing and trying to overtake or capture

From this reading It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.

RoadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.

scaresnounUS /skerz/

plural of “scare” — sudden mass fear and anxiety over anticipated events

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

screamsnounUS /skriːmz/

plural of “scream” — sharp piercing cry

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

sea-birds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

sinnounUS /sɪn/

estrangement from god

From this reading O, sin! what hast thou done on this fair earth?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading O, sin! what hast thou done on this fair earth?

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading O, sin! what hast thou done on this fair earth?

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading The world, O man! is wailing o'er thy birth."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.

wailingnounUS /ˈweɪlɪŋ/

loud cries made while weeping

From this reading The world, O man! is wailing o'er thy birth."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.

WesternadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading It was the policy of the colonists to lead their pursuers directly up to the Western Roads.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading O, sin! what hast thou done on this fair earth?

wheelverbUS /wiːl/

change directions as if revolving on a pivot

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "It scares the sea-birds from their nests; They dart and wheel with deafening screams; Now dark--and now their wings and breasts Flash back amid disastrous gleams.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The world, O man! is wailing o'er thy birth."

Chapter 28 of The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper holds 198 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of The Crater contain?

Chapter 28 holds 198 sentences of The Crater, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 198 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of The Crater?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crater

Common questions about reading The Crater by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crater?

Yes. All 6148 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11573 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crater is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11573, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crater take to read?

About 512 minutes of reading across 1230 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Crater section by section

How to work through The Crater section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of The Crater to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Crater

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crater, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Commodity
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fretting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twill
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crater; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.