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The Crayon Papers
The Crayon Papers

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Crayon Papers is here in full — 427 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"'Don Manuel de Manara,' replied the stranger, and passed on.
"Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.
He ventured, when it was entirely deserted, to approach the fatal spot.
A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.
Pray to God for his soul!'
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Crayon Papers

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Crayon Papers is here in full — 427 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"'Don Manuel de Manara,' replied the stranger, and passed on.
Line 2
"Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.
Line 3
He ventured, when it was entirely deserted, to approach the fatal spot.
/hiː ˈventʃərd wen ɪt wɑːz ɪnˈtaɪərli dɪˈzɜːrtɪd tuː əˈproʊtʃ ðə ˈfeɪtəl spɑːt/
Line 4
A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.
Line 5
Pray to God for his soul!'
/preɪ tuː ɡɑːd fɔːr hɪz soʊl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

applied adjective US /əˈplaɪd/

concerned with concrete problems or data rather than with fundamental principles

From this reading “"Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.”

committed adjective US /kəˈmɪtɪd/

bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude

From this reading “A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.”

customary adjective US /ˈkʌstəmeri/

in accordance with convention or custom

From this reading “A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.”

murdered adjective US /ˈmɜːrdərd/

killed unlawfully

From this reading “"Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.”

nailed verb US /neɪld/

past form of “nail” — attach something somewhere by means of nails

From this reading “A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.”

Spain noun US /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading “A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.”

twinkling noun US /ˈtwɪŋkəlɪŋ/

a very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)

From this reading “A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.”

ventured verb US /ˈventʃərd/

past form of “venture” — proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

From this reading “He ventured, when it was entirely deserted, to approach the fatal spot.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "'Don Manuel de Manara,' replied the stranger, and passed on.

appliedadjectiveUS /əˈplaɪd/

concerned with concrete problems or data rather than with fundamental principles

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading He ventured, when it was entirely deserted, to approach the fatal spot.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

committedadjectiveUS /kəˈmɪtɪd/

bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

customaryadjectiveUS /ˈkʌstəmeri/

in accordance with convention or custom

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading "'Don Manuel de Manara,' replied the stranger, and passed on.

desertedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading He ventured, when it was entirely deserted, to approach the fatal spot.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading "'Don Manuel de Manara,' replied the stranger, and passed on.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading He ventured, when it was entirely deserted, to approach the fatal spot.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading He ventured, when it was entirely deserted, to approach the fatal spot.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Pray to God for his soul!'

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Pray to God for his soul!'

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He ventured, when it was entirely deserted, to approach the fatal spot.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He ventured, when it was entirely deserted, to approach the fatal spot.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

lampnounUS /læmp/

an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

Manara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "'Don Manuel de Manara,' replied the stranger, and passed on.

Manuel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "'Don Manuel de Manara,' replied the stranger, and passed on.

markverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

mentionverbUS /ˈmenʃən/

make reference to

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

murderverbUS /ˈmɜːrdər/

kill intentionally and with premeditation

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

murderedadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrdərd/

killed unlawfully

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

nailedverbUS /neɪld/

past form of “nail” — attach something somewhere by means of nails

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "'Don Manuel de Manara,' replied the stranger, and passed on.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading "'Don Manuel de Manara,' replied the stranger, and passed on.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

PrayverbUS /preɪ/

address a deity, a prophet, a saint or an object of worship; say a prayer

From this reading Pray to God for his soul!'

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading "'Don Manuel de Manara,' replied the stranger, and passed on.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading Pray to God for his soul!'

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading He ventured, when it was entirely deserted, to approach the fatal spot.

startledadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtəld/

excited by sudden surprise or alarm and making a quick involuntary movement

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

strangernounUS /ˈstreɪndʒər/

anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading "'Don Manuel de Manara,' replied the stranger, and passed on.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "'Don Manuel de Manara,' replied the stranger, and passed on.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

twinklingnounUS /ˈtwɪŋkəlɪŋ/

a very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

venturedverbUS /ˈventʃərd/

past form of “venture” — proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

From this reading He ventured, when it was entirely deserted, to approach the fatal spot.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading "Don Manuel was startled at this mention of his own name; especially when applied to the murdered man.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading A small cross had been nailed against the wall, as is customary in Spain, to mark the place where a murder has been committed; and just below it, he read, by the twinkling light of a lamp: 'Here was murdered Don Manuel de Manara.

Chapter 4 of The Crayon Papers by Washington Irving holds 427 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Crayon Papers contain?

Chapter 4 holds 427 sentences of The Crayon Papers, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Crayon Papers by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 427 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Crayon Papers?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crayon Papers

Common questions about reading The Crayon Papers by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crayon Papers?

Yes. All 3446 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7994 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crayon Papers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7994, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crayon Papers take to read?

About 287 minutes of reading across 690 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Crayon Papers section by section

How to work through The Crayon Papers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Crayon Papers

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crayon Papers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Geoffrey
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crayon Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crayon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crayon Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mountjoy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crayon Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passages
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crayon Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.