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The Crimes of England
The Crimes of England

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Crimes of England is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.
THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.
HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.
THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.
THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Crimes of England

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Crimes of England is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.
Line 2
THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.
Line 3
HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.
Line 4
THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.
Line 5
THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Andersen noun US /ˈændərsən/

a Danish author remembered for his fairy stories (1805-1875)

From this reading “HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.”

Bismarck noun US /ˈbɪzmɑːrk/

German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898)

From this reading “HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.”

Cynics noun US /ˈsɪnɪks/

plural of “cynic” — someone who is critical of the motives of others

From this reading “THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.”

Degeneration noun US /dɪˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality

From this reading “HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.”

Grimm's noun US /ɡrɪmz/

possessive form of “grimm” — the younger of the two Grimm brothers remembered best for their fairy stories (1786-1859)

From this reading “HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.”

Plutocrats noun US /ˈpluːtəkræts/

plural of “plutocrat” — someone who exercises power by virtue of wealth

From this reading “HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.”

Sedan noun US /səˈdæn/

a car that is closed and that has front and rear seats and two or four doors

From this reading “THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.”

Terrorism noun US /ˈterərɪzəm/

the calculated use of violence (or the threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature; this is done through intimidation or coercion or instilling fear

From this reading “HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1870

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

AccuracynounUS /ˈækjərəsi/

the quality of being near to the true value

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

AdorationnounUS /ˌædərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of profound love and admiration

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

AgainadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

AlliancenounUS /əˈlaɪəns/

the state of being allied or confederated

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

AndersennounUS /ˈændərsən/

a Danish author remembered for his fairy stories (1805-1875)

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

BarbarismnounUS /ˈbɑːrbərɪzəm/

a brutal barbarous savage act

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

BismarcknounUS /ˈbɪzmɑːrk/

German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898)

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

CarlylenounUS /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/

Scottish historian who wrote about the French Revolution (1795-1881)

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

CausesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

ChildnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

Cobbett

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

COMINGnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

CrescentnounUS /ˈkresənt/

any shape resembling the curved shape of the moon in its first or last quarters

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

CynicsnounUS /ˈsɪnɪks/

plural of “cynic” — someone who is critical of the motives of others

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

DANESnounUS /deɪnz/

plural of “dane” — a native or inhabitant of Denmark

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

DeepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

DefeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

DefencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

DegenerationnounUS /dɪˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

DirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

ENGLANDnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

EnglishmannounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən/

a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

EUROPEnounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

ExaggeratedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪtəd/

represented as greater than is true or reasonable

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

FairynounUS /ˈferi/

a small being, human in form, playful and having magical powers

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

Germanisation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

GermansnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmənz/

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

Grimm'snounUS /ɡrɪmz/

possessive form of “grimm” — the younger of the two Grimm brothers remembered best for their fairy stories (1786-1859)

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

HAMLETnounUS /ˈhæmlət/

a community of people smaller than a village

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

HansnounUS /hɑːns/

plural of “han” — imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

Heligoland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

HellnounUS /hel/

any place of pain and turmoil

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

HistoricaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

HORSEnounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

InactionnounUS /ˌɪˈnækʃən/

the state of being inactive

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

InfluencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

InnocencenounUS /ˈɪnəsəns/

the quality of innocent naivete

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

InterludenounUS /ˈɪntərluːd/

an intervening period or episode

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

IrelandnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

IsolationnounUS /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/

a state of separation between persons or groups

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

JANISSARIES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

KaisernounUS /ˈkaɪzər/

the title of the Holy Roman Emperors or the emperors of Austria or of Germany until 1918

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

LanguagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

LastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

LiesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

LOSTadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

MeaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

MercenariesnounUS /ˈmɜːrsəneriz/

plural of “mercenary” — a person hired to fight for another country than their own

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

MIDNIGHTnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

MistakenounUS /mɪˈsteɪk/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

MurderverbUS /ˈmɜːrdər/

kill intentionally and with premeditation

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

Napoleons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

PeacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

PeoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

PlutocratsnounUS /ˈpluːtəkræts/

plural of “plutocrat” — someone who exercises power by virtue of wealth

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

RealadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

ReignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

SadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

SalisburynounUS /ˈsælzbəri/

the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

SedannounUS /səˈdæn/

a car that is closed and that has front and rear seats and two or four doors

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

ShakespearenounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːr/

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

SplendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

Spoiltadjective

having the character or disposition harmed by pampering or oversolicitous attention

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

StorynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

SuccessnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

TalenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

TalesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

TerrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

TerrorismnounUS /ˈterərɪzəm/

the calculated use of violence (or the threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature; this is done through intimidation or coercion or instilling fear

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

TestnounUS /test/

trying something to find out about it

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

Teutonism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HAMLET AND THE DANES Degeneration of Grimm's Fairy Tales--From Tales of Terror to Tales of Terrorism--German Mistake of being Deep--The Germanisation of Shakespeare--Carlyle and the Spoilt Child--The Test of Teutonism-- Hell or Hans Andersen--Causes of English Inaction--Barbarism and Splendid Isolation-- The Peace of the Plutocrats--Hamlet the Englishman--The Triumph of Bismarck.

TravellersnounUS /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

TriumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

TrueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

TruthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

TruthsnounUS /truːθs/

plural of “truth” — a fact that has been verified

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

UltimateadjectiveUS /ˈʌltəmət/

furthest or highest in degree or order; utmost or extreme

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

UnholyadjectiveUS /ənˈhoʊli/

not hallowed or consecrated

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

UsenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

VersaillesnounUS /verˈsaɪ/

a city in north central France near Paris; site of the Palace of Versailles that was built by Louis XIV in the 17th century

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT OF EUROPE The Two Napoleons--Their Ultimate Success--The Interlude of Sedan--The Meaning of an Emperor--The Triumph of Versailles--The True Innocence of England-- Triumph of the Kaiser.

versus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

ViolencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading THE LOST ENGLAND Truth about England and Ireland--Murder and the Two Travellers--Real Defence of England--The Lost Revolution--Story of Cobbett and the Germans--Historical Accuracy of Cobbett--Violence of the English Language--Exaggerated Truths versus Exaggerated Lies--Defeat of the People--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

WhirlwindnounUS /ˈwɜːrlwɪnd/

a more or less vertical column of air whirling around itself as it moves over the surface of the Earth

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

WordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

WorkverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

WRONGadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading THE WRONG HORSE Lord Salisbury Again--The Influence of 1870--The Fairy Tale of Teutonism--The Adoration of the Crescent--The Reign of the Cynics--Last Words to Professor Whirlwind.

YoungadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading THE COMING OF THE JANISSARIES The Sad Story of Lord Salisbury--Ireland and Heligoland--The Young Men of Ireland--The Dirty Work--The Use of German Mercenaries--The Unholy Alliance--Triumph of the German Mercenaries.

Chapter 1 of The Crimes of England by G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton holds 407 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Crimes of England contain?

Chapter 1 holds 407 sentences of The Crimes of England, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Crimes of England by G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 407 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Crimes of England?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crimes of England

Common questions about reading The Crimes of England by G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crimes of England?

Yes. All 1220 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11554 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crimes of England is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11554, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crimes of England take to read?

About 101 minutes of reading across 244 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Crimes of England section by section

How to work through The Crimes of England section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of The Crimes of England to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Crimes of England

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crimes of England, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crimes of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Janissaries
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crimes of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crimes of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Salisbury--ireland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crimes of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.