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The Crimes of England
The Crimes of England

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Crimes of England is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.
If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.
In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.
I need not recapitulate the causes at all fully here.
Luther was hardly a heresiarch for England, though a hobby for Henry VIII.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Crimes of England

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Crimes of England is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.
Line 2
If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.
/ɪf ðer biː stɪl ˈeni ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən huː θɪŋks sʌtʃ ˈlæŋɡwədʒ ekˈstrævəɡənt ðɪs ˈtʃæptər ɪz ˈrɪtən tuː ˌenˈlaɪtən hɪm/
Line 3
In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.
/ɪn ðə læst tuː ˈtʃæptərz aɪ hæv sketʃt ɪn ˈaʊtlaɪn ðə weɪ ɪn wɪtʃ ˈɪŋɡlənd ˈpɑːrtli baɪ hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl ˈæksədənt bʌt ˈpɑːrtli ˈɔːlsoʊ baɪ fɔːls fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi wɑːz drɔːn ˈɪntuː ðə ˈɔːrbət ʌv ˈdʒɜːrməni ðə ˈsentər ʌv huːz ˈsɜːrkəl wɑːz ɔːlˈredi æt bərˈlɪn/
Line 4
I need not recapitulate the causes at all fully here.
/aɪ niːd nɑːt ˌriːkəˈpɪtʃəleɪt ðə ˈkɑːzəz æt ɔːl ˈfʊli hiːr/
Line 5
Luther was hardly a heresiarch for England, though a hobby for Henry VIII.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Celtic adjective US /ˈseltɪk/

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

From this reading “These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.”

enlighten verb US /ˌenˈlaɪtən/

make understand

From this reading “If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.”

fringe noun US /frɪndʒ/

the outside boundary or surface of something

From this reading “These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.”

hobby noun US /ˈhɑːbi/

an auxiliary activity

From this reading “Luther was hardly a heresiarch for England, though a hobby for Henry VIII.”

Luther noun US /ˈluːθər/

German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds (1483-1546)

From this reading “Luther was hardly a heresiarch for England, though a hobby for Henry VIII.”

orbit noun US /ˈɔːrbət/

the (usually elliptical) path described by one celestial body in its revolution about another

From this reading “In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.”

recapitulate verb US /ˌriːkəˈpɪtʃəleɪt/

summarize briefly

From this reading “I need not recapitulate the causes at all fully here.”

sketched verb US /sketʃt/

past form of “sketch” — make a sketch of

From this reading “In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

accidentnounUS /ˈæksədənt/

an unfortunate mishap; especially one causing damage or injury

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

BerlinnounUS /bərˈlɪn/

capital of Germany located in eastern Germany

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

catchwords

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading I need not recapitulate the causes at all fully here.

CelticadjectiveUS /ˈseltɪk/

relating to or characteristic of the Celts

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

chaptersnounUS /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

EnglishmannounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən/

a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

enlightenverbUS /ˌenˈlaɪtən/

make understand

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

extravagantadjectiveUS /ekˈstrævəɡənt/

unrestrained, especially with regard to feelings

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

fringenounUS /frɪndʒ/

the outside boundary or surface of something

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading I need not recapitulate the causes at all fully here.

garmentnounUS /ˈɡɑːrmənt/

an article of clothing

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Luther was hardly a heresiarch for England, though a hobby for Henry VIII.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

hemnounUS /hem/

the edge of a piece of cloth; especially the finished edge that has been doubled under and stitched down

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading Luther was hardly a heresiarch for England, though a hobby for Henry VIII.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading I need not recapitulate the causes at all fully here.

heresiarch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Luther was hardly a heresiarch for England, though a hobby for Henry VIII.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

hobbynounUS /ˈhɑːbi/

an auxiliary activity

From this reading Luther was hardly a heresiarch for England, though a hobby for Henry VIII.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

IrelandnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

kissnounUS /kɪs/

the act of caressing with the lips (or an instance thereof)

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

LuthernounUS /ˈluːθər/

German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds (1483-1546)

From this reading Luther was hardly a heresiarch for England, though a hobby for Henry VIII.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading I need not recapitulate the causes at all fully here.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I need not recapitulate the causes at all fully here.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

orbitnounUS /ˈɔːrbət/

the (usually elliptical) path described by one celestial body in its revolution about another

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

outlinenounUS /ˈaʊtlaɪn/

the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

partlyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrtli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

recapitulateverbUS /ˌriːkəˈpɪtʃəleɪt/

summarize briefly

From this reading I need not recapitulate the causes at all fully here.

sketchedverbUS /sketʃt/

past form of “sketch” — make a sketch of

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

thinksnounUS /θɪŋks/

plural of “think” — an instance of deliberate thinking

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Luther was hardly a heresiarch for England, though a hobby for Henry VIII.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

VIIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one

From this reading Luther was hardly a heresiarch for England, though a hobby for Henry VIII.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading In the last two chapters I have sketched in outline the way in which England, partly by historical accident, but partly also by false philosophy, was drawn into the orbit of Germany, the centre of whose circle was already at Berlin.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading These were they who knew a little of the thing called history; and if they thought at all of such dead catchwords as the "Celtic fringe" for a description of Ireland, it was to doubt whether we were worthy to kiss the hem of her garment.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading If there be still any Englishman who thinks such language extravagant, this chapter is written to enlighten him.

Chapter 2 of The Crimes of England by G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton holds 407 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Crimes of England contain?

Chapter 2 holds 407 sentences of The Crimes of England, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Crimes of England by G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 407 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Crimes of England?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crimes of England

Common questions about reading The Crimes of England by G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crimes of England?

Yes. All 1220 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11554 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crimes of England is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11554, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crimes of England take to read?

About 101 minutes of reading across 244 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Crimes of England section by section

How to work through The Crimes of England section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of The Crimes of England to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Crimes of England

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crimes of England, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crimes of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Janissaries
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crimes of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crimes of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Salisbury--ireland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crimes of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.