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The Crisis — Complete
The Crisis — Complete

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Crisis — Complete is here in full — 306 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.
Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.
And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.
He was riding again with Beatrice Colfax in the springtime.
Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Crisis — Complete

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Crisis — Complete is here in full — 306 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.
Line 2
Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.
Line 3
And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.
Line 4
He was riding again with Beatrice Colfax in the springtime.
Line 5
Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bustling adjective US /ˈbʌsəlɪŋ/

full of energetic and noisy activity

From this reading “Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.”

Colonel's noun US /ˈkɜːrnəlz/

possessive form of “colonel” — a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading “And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.”

countryside noun US /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/

rural regions

From this reading “And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.”

Kentucky noun US /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading “And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.”

pillared adjective US /ˈpɪlərd/

having pillars

From this reading “And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.”

shaved adjective US /ʃeɪvd/

having the beard or hair cut off close to the skin

From this reading “And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.”

springtime noun US /ˈsprɪŋtaɪm/

the season of growth

From this reading “He was riding again with Beatrice Colfax in the springtime.”

thoroughbred noun US /ˈθɜːroʊˈbred/

a well-bred person

From this reading “Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading He was riding again with Beatrice Colfax in the springtime.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

BeatricenounUS /ˈbiːətrəs/

the woman who guided Dante through Paradise in the Divine Comedy

From this reading He was riding again with Beatrice Colfax in the springtime.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

bridle-hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

bustlingadjectiveUS /ˈbʌsəlɪŋ/

full of energetic and noisy activity

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

Carvel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

Colfax

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was riding again with Beatrice Colfax in the springtime.

ColonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

Colonel'snounUS /ˈkɜːrnəlz/

possessive form of “colonel” — a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

countrysidenounUS /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/

rural regions

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

eighteenadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːn/

being one more than seventeen

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.

flewverbUS /fluː/

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

gentlyadverbUS /ˈdʒentli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was riding again with Beatrice Colfax in the springtime.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

hospitableadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːˈspɪtəbəl/

favorable to life and growth

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was riding again with Beatrice Colfax in the springtime.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

KentuckynounUS /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

Ned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

oaksnounUS /oʊks/

plural of “oak” — the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.

pillaredadjectiveUS /ˈpɪlərd/

having pillars

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

rearnounUS /rɪr/

the back of a military formation or procession

From this reading Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.

ridingnounUS /ˈraɪdɪŋ/

the sport of sitting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements

From this reading He was riding again with Beatrice Colfax in the springtime.

rollingadjectiveUS /ˈroʊlɪŋ/

uttered with a trill

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

seizeverbUS /siːz/

take hold of; grab

From this reading Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.

shavedadjectiveUS /ʃeɪvd/

having the beard or hair cut off close to the skin

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

sitenounUS /saɪt/

the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located)

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

spedverbUS /sped/

inflected form of “speed” — move hurridly

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

springtimenounUS /ˈsprɪŋtaɪm/

the season of growth

From this reading He was riding again with Beatrice Colfax in the springtime.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

thoroughbrednounUS /ˈθɜːroʊˈbred/

a well-bred person

From this reading Again he stretched out his arm as if to seize her bridle-hand, and he felt the thoroughbred rear.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was riding again with Beatrice Colfax in the springtime.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading And the Colonel's thoughts that morning, as Ned shaved him, flew back through the years to a gently rolling Kentucky countryside, and a pillared white house among the oaks.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Old St. Louis has changed from a pleasant Southern town to a bustling city, and a high building stands on the site of that wide and hospitable home of Colonel Carvel.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He was riding again with Beatrice Colfax in the springtime.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The years have sped indeed since that gray December when Miss Virginia Carvel became eighteen.

Chapter 8 of The Crisis — Complete by Winston Churchill holds 306 sentences, grouped into 62 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Crisis — Complete contain?

Chapter 8 holds 306 sentences of The Crisis — Complete, unabridged, divided into 62 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Crisis — Complete by Winston Churchill exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 306 sentences, grouped into 62 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Crisis — Complete?

Work through the 62 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 62 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crisis — Complete

Common questions about reading The Crisis — Complete by Winston Churchill on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crisis — Complete?

Yes. All 11964 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5396 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crisis — Complete is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5396, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crisis — Complete take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2393 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in The Crisis — Complete

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crisis — Complete, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hopper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crisis — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crisis — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caught
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crisis — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unpardonable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crisis — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.