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The Crisis — Volume 04
The Crisis — Volume 04

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Crisis — Volume 04 is here in full — 291 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Crisis — Volume 04
Context Illustration Reading 1/58 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.
And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.
The hour was now at hand for it to bear fruit.
Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.
They were the same logic and the same eloquence which had startled Stephen.
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The Crisis — Volume 04

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of The Crisis — Volume 04 is here in full — 291 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/58 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.
Line 2
And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.
Line 3
The hour was now at hand for it to bear fruit.
/ðə ˈaʊər wɑːz naʊ æt hænd fɔːr ɪt tuː ber fruːt/
Line 4
Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.
/ˈmiːnwaɪl hɪz ˈhɪroʊ ðə ˈhjuːər ʌv reɪlz ənd ˈfɔːrdʒər ʌv ˈhoʊmli spiːtʃ ˈeɪbrəhæm ˈlɪŋkən hæd meɪd ə ˈlɪtəl tʊr ˈiːstwərd ðə jɪr bɪˈfɔːr ənd hæd ˈstɑːrtəld ˈkuːpər ˈjuːnjən wɪð ə nuː ˈlɑːdʒɪk ənd ə nuː ˈel.ə.kwəns/
Line 5
They were the same logic and the same eloquence which had startled Stephen.
/ðeɪ wɜːr ðə seɪm ˈlɑːdʒɪk ənd ðə seɪm ˈel.ə.kwəns wɪtʃ hæd ˈstɑːrtəld ˈstiːvən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Abraham noun US /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading “Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.”

conventions noun US /kənˈvenʃənz/

plural of “convention” — a large formal assembly

From this reading “And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.”

Cooper noun US /ˈkuːpər/

United States industrialist who built the first American locomotive; founded Cooper Union in New York City to offer free courses in the arts and sciences (1791-1883)

From this reading “Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.”

eastward adjective US /ˈiːstwərd/

moving toward the east

From this reading “Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.”

forger noun US /ˈfɔːrdʒər/

someone who operates a forge

From this reading “Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.”

hewer noun US /ˈhjuːər/

a person who hews

From this reading “Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.”

logic noun US /ˈlɑːdʒɪk/

the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference

From this reading “Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.”

rails noun US /reɪlz/

a bar or pair of parallel bars of rolled steel making the railway along which railroad cars or other vehicles can roll

From this reading “Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1860

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

AbrahamnounUS /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading The hour was now at hand for it to bear fruit.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

Brice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

conventionsnounUS /kənˈvenʃənz/

plural of “convention” — a large formal assembly

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

CoopernounUS /ˈkuːpər/

United States industrialist who built the first American locomotive; founded Cooper Union in New York City to offer free courses in the arts and sciences (1791-1883)

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

eastwardadjectiveUS /ˈiːstwərd/

moving toward the east

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

eloquencenounUS /ˈel.ə.kwəns/

Fluent, persuasive, and graceful speaking or writing. (Sự hùng biện, tài ăn nói lưu loát.)

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

forgernounUS /ˈfɔːrdʒər/

someone who operates a forge

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

Freeport

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

fruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading The hour was now at hand for it to bear fruit.

gatheringnounUS /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/

a group of persons together in one place

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The hour was now at hand for it to bear fruit.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

hewernounUS /ˈhjuːər/

a person who hews

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

homelyadjectiveUS /ˈhoʊmli/

lacking in physical beauty or proportion

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading The hour was now at hand for it to bear fruit.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The hour was now at hand for it to bear fruit.

LincolnnounUS /ˈlɪŋkən/

16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

logicnounUS /ˈlɑːdʒɪk/

the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

MeanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

noisenounUS /nɔɪz/

sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound)

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The hour was now at hand for it to bear fruit.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

QuestionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

railsnounUS /reɪlz/

a bar or pair of parallel bars of rolled steel making the railway along which railroad cars or other vehicles can roll

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading They were the same logic and the same eloquence which had startled Stephen.

shooknounUS /ʃʊk/

a disassembled barrel; the parts packed for storage or shipment

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

SIGNSnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

startledadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtəld/

excited by sudden surprise or alarm and making a quick involuntary movement

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

StephennounUS /ˈstiːvən/

English writer (1832-1904)

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were the same logic and the same eloquence which had startled Stephen.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

TIMESnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

tournounUS /tʊr/

a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIMES In that spring of 1860 the time was come for the South to make her final stand.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were the same logic and the same eloquence which had startled Stephen.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They were the same logic and the same eloquence which had startled Stephen.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading And as the noise of gathering conventions shook the ground, Stephen Brice was not the only one who thought of the Question at Freeport.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Meanwhile, his hero, the hewer of rails and forger of homely speech, Abraham Lincoln, had made a little tour eastward the year before, and had startled Cooper Union with a new logic and a new eloquence.

Chapter 2 of The Crisis — Volume 04 by Winston Churchill holds 291 sentences, grouped into 59 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of The Crisis — Volume 04 contain?

Chapter 2 holds 291 sentences of The Crisis — Volume 04, unabridged, divided into 59 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of The Crisis — Volume 04 by Winston Churchill exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 291 sentences, grouped into 59 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of The Crisis — Volume 04?

Work through the 59 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 59 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crisis — Volume 04

Common questions about reading The Crisis — Volume 04 by Winston Churchill on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crisis — Volume 04?

Yes. All 1577 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5391 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crisis — Volume 04 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5391, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crisis — Volume 04 take to read?

About 131 minutes of reading across 316 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Crisis — Volume 04 section by section

How to work through The Crisis — Volume 04 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Crisis — Volume 04

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crisis — Volume 04, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Difficult
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crisis — Volume 04; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Refrain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crisis — Volume 04; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mention
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crisis — Volume 04; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Leave-taking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crisis — Volume 04; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.