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The Crofton Boys
The Crofton Boys

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Crofton Boys is here in full — 184 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MICHAELMAS-DAY OVER.
Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.
All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.
Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.
He did wish Phil would stop.
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The Crofton Boys

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Crofton Boys is here in full — 184 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MICHAELMAS-DAY OVER.
Line 2
Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.
Line 3
All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.
Line 4
Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.
Line 5
He did wish Phil would stop.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brother's noun US /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading “Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.”

brushing noun US /ˈbrʌʃɪŋ/

the act of brushing your teeth

From this reading “All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.”

dusty adjective US /ˈdʌsti/

covered with a layer of dust

From this reading “Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.”

imprudence noun US /ˌɪmˈpruːdəns/

a lack of caution in practical affairs

From this reading “Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.”

lecture verb US /ˈlektʃər/

deliver a lecture or talk

From this reading “Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.”

roughly adverb US /ˈrʌfli/

(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

From this reading “All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.”

Shaw noun US /ʃɔː/

United States clarinetist and leader of a swing band (1910-2004)

From this reading “Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.”

tease verb US /tiːz/

annoy persistently

From this reading “All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

brother'snounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

brushverbUS /brʌʃ/

rub with a brush, or as if with a brush

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

brushingnounUS /ˈbrʌʃɪŋ/

the act of brushing your teeth

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

coachverbUS /koʊtʃ/

teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

dinner-time

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

dustyadjectiveUS /ˈdʌsti/

covered with a layer of dust

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

freelyadverbUS /ˈfriːli/

in a free manner

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

Hugh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

imprudencenounUS /ˌɪmˈpruːdəns/

a lack of caution in practical affairs

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

lectureverbUS /ˈlektʃər/

deliver a lecture or talk

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

MICHAELMAS-DAY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MICHAELMAS-DAY OVER.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

OVERprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading MICHAELMAS-DAY OVER.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

Phil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

presentlyadverbUS /ˈprezəntli/

in the near future

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

rideverbUS /raɪd/

sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

roughlyadverbUS /ˈrʌfli/

(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

ShawnounUS /ʃɔː/

United States clarinetist and leader of a swing band (1910-2004)

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading He did wish Phil would stop.

strangersnounUS /ˈstreɪndʒərz/

plural of “stranger” — anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

teaseverbUS /tiːz/

annoy persistently

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Mrs. Shaw spoke of the imprudence of talking freely before strangers; and Hugh could have told her that he did not need such a lecture at the very time that he found the same thing by his experience.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading All the while he was brushing (which he did very roughly), and all the first part of dinner-time, Phil continued to tease Hugh about what he had said on the top of the coach.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Mrs. Shaw ordered dinner presently; and while it was being served, she desired Phil to brush his brother's clothes, as they were dusty from his ride.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading He did wish Phil would stop.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He did wish Phil would stop.

Chapter 4 of The Crofton Boys by Harriet Martineau holds 184 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Crofton Boys contain?

Chapter 4 holds 184 sentences of The Crofton Boys, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Crofton Boys by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 184 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Crofton Boys?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crofton Boys

Common questions about reading The Crofton Boys by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crofton Boys?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crofton Boys is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Crofton Boys

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crofton Boys, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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