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The Cross and the Hammer
The Cross and the Hammer

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Cross and the Hammer is here in full — 20 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.
The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.
The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.
King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.
It was the first King Olaf who broke the power of the old gods and who introduced Christianity into his realm.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cross and the Hammer

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Cross and the Hammer is here in full — 20 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.
/ə teɪl ʌv ðə deɪz ʌv ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz ðɪs ɪz ə ˈstɔːri əˈbaʊt ðə ˈveri riːl ˈpiːpəl ənd ɪˈvents ɪf ˈevər juː tʃæns tuː red ðə oʊld ˈsɑːɡəz ʌv ˈnɔːrweɪ juː wɪl kʌm əˈpɑːn moʊst ʌv ðə ˈkærəktərz ʌv ðɪs teɪl/
Line 2
The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.
Line 3
The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.
Line 4
King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.
Line 5
It was the first King Olaf who broke the power of the old gods and who introduced Christianity into his realm.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conversion noun US /kənˈvɜːrʒən/

an event that results in a transformation

From this reading “The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.”

Norway's noun US /ˈnɔːrweɪz/

possessive form of “norway” — a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905

From this reading “The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.”

recant verb US /riˈkænt/

formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure

From this reading “King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.”

Sagas noun US /ˈsɑːɡəz/

plural of “saga” — a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account

From this reading “_A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.”

Thor noun US /θɔːr/

(Norse mythology) god of thunder and rain and farming; pictured as wielding a hammer emblematic of the thunderbolt; identified with Teutonic Donar

From this reading “The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.”

viking noun US /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/

any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading “The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.”

Vikings noun US /ˈvaɪkɪŋz/

plural of “viking” — any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

vitally adverb US /ˈvaɪtəli/

to a vital degree

From this reading “The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

patron saint noun + noun

a saint who is considered to be a defender of some group or nation

In this reading “King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.”

come upon verb + particle

find unexpectedly

In this reading “_A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

Athelstannoun

the first Saxon ruler who extended his kingdom to include nearly all of England (895-939)

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading It was the first King Olaf who broke the power of the old gods and who introduced Christianity into his realm.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

ChristnounUS /kraɪst/

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

ChristianitynounUS /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading It was the first King Olaf who broke the power of the old gods and who introduced Christianity into his realm.

clashnounUS /klæʃ/

A violent confrontation or disagreement between opposing forces or factions.

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

conversionnounUS /kənˈvɜːrʒən/

an event that results in a transformation

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

CrossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

DaysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

deedsnounUS /diːdz/

performance of moral or religious acts

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

dramaticadjectiveUS /drəˈmætɪk/

suitable to or characteristic of drama

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It was the first King Olaf who broke the power of the old gods and who introduced Christianity into his realm.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

foster-sonnoun

someone who is raised as a son although not related by birth

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

godsnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading It was the first King Olaf who broke the power of the old gods and who introduced Christianity into his realm.

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

Hakon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

HammernounUS /ˈhæmər/

the part of a gunlock that strikes the percussion cap when the trigger is pulled

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

heathennounUS /ˈhiːðən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

intenselyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈtensli/

to a high degree; extremely; in high concentration or density

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It was the first King Olaf who broke the power of the old gods and who introduced Christianity into his realm.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading It was the first King Olaf who broke the power of the old gods and who introduced Christianity into his realm.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

northernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

NorwaynounUS /ˈnɔːrweɪ/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

Norway'snounUS /ˈnɔːrweɪz/

possessive form of “norway” — a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

Olaf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

patronnounUS /ˈpeɪtrən/

a regular customer

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading It was the first King Olaf who broke the power of the old gods and who introduced Christianity into his realm.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

realmnounUS /relm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading It was the first King Olaf who broke the power of the old gods and who introduced Christianity into his realm.

recantverbUS /riˈkænt/

formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

SagasnounUS /ˈsɑːɡəz/

plural of “saga” — a narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

saintnounUS /seɪnt/

a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

SoundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

subjectsnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

Svolde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

TalenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

ThickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

ThornounUS /θɔːr/

(Norse mythology) god of thunder and rain and farming; pictured as wielding a hammer emblematic of the thunderbolt; identified with Teutonic Donar

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

Triggveson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

unknightly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

vikingnounUS /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/

any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

VikingsnounUS /ˈvaɪkɪŋz/

plural of “viking” — any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

vitallyadverbUS /ˈvaɪtəli/

to a vital degree

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

War-god

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

weaponsnounUS /ˈwepənz/

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading King Hakon the Good, a foster-son of the English King Athelstan, was forced to recant his faith in order to hold his throne; King Olaf Triggveson lost his kingdom, or rather gave it up, at Svolde Sound, because he refused to do the like; and King Olaf the Thick, who followed him, fell beneath the heathen weapons of his subjects, becoming the patron saint of Norway.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The viking age was not Christian, it was full of the clash of arms and of unknightly deeds, yet its story is vitally interesting.

yieldverbUS /jiːld/

be the cause or source of

From this reading The Hammer of Thor, the War-god of northern Europe, did not yield to the Cross of Christ without a struggle, and the story of Norway's conversion is intensely dramatic.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading _A Tale of the Days of the Vikings_ This is a story about the very real people and events; if ever you chance to read the old Sagas of Norway you will come upon most of the characters of this tale.

Chapter 1 of The Cross and the Hammer by H. (Henry) Bedford-Jones holds 20 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Cross and the Hammer contain?

Chapter 1 holds 20 sentences of The Cross and the Hammer, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Cross and the Hammer by H. (Henry) Bedford-Jones exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 20 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Cross and the Hammer?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cross and the Hammer

Common questions about reading The Cross and the Hammer by H. (Henry) Bedford-Jones on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cross and the Hammer?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cross and the Hammer is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cross and the Hammer take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cross and the Hammer section by section

How to work through The Cross and the Hammer section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of The Cross and the Hammer to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Cross and the Hammer

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cross and the Hammer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The Cross and the Hammer, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of The Cross and the Hammer, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The Cross and the Hammer, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.