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The Cross and the Shamrock
The Cross and the Shamrock

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Cross and the Shamrock is here in full — 192 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MASS IN A SHANTY.
There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.
Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.
Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.
Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Cross and the Shamrock

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Cross and the Shamrock is here in full — 192 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MASS IN A SHANTY.
/mæs ɪn ə ˈʃænti/
Line 2
There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.
/ðer wɑːz ɡreɪt ˈbʌsəl ənd ˌprepərˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈvæli ʌv ɑːr kriːk ɑːn əˈsenʃən ˈθɜːrzdeɪ/
Line 3
Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.
Line 4
Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.
Line 5
Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.
/jes tuː ðer ʃeɪm biː ɪt toʊld ðə ˈprɑːtəstənt sekts ɪn əˈmerəkə æz ðeɪ duː ɪn ɔːl ˈkʌntriz wer ðeɪ hæv sweɪ ɔːr ɑːr ˈtɑːləreɪtɪd ˈpræktɪkli dɪˈnaɪ ðæt ˈɑːrtəkəl ʌv ðə ˈfedərəl ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən ðæt ˌɡerənˈtiːz ðə raɪt tuː ˈevəri ˈsɪtəzən tuː ˈwɜːrʃəp ɡɑːd əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tuː ðə dɪkˈteɪts ʌv ˈkɑːnʃəns ɔːr ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Ascension noun US /əˈsenʃən/

(Christianity) celebration of the Ascension of Christ into heaven; observed on the 40th day after Easter

From this reading “There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.”

bosses noun US /ˈbɔːsɪz/

plural of “boss” — a person who exercises control over workers

chores noun US /tʃɔːrz/

plural of “chore” — a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee

From this reading “Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.”

dictates noun US /dɪkˈteɪts/

plural of “dictate” — an authoritative rule

From this reading “Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.”

guarantees noun US /ˌɡerənˈtiːz/

plural of “guarantee” — a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifications

From this reading “Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.”

heretical adjective US /hərˈetɪkəl/

characterized by departure from accepted beliefs or standards

From this reading “Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.”

sects noun US /sekts/

plural of “sect” — a subdivision of a larger religious group

From this reading “Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.”

tolerated verb US /ˈtɑːləreɪtɪd/

past form of “tolerate” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading “Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MASS IN A SHANTY.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

argumentsnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənts/

plural of “argument” — a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

arrangingnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒɪŋ/

the act of arranging and adapting a piece of music

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

AscensionnounUS /əˈsenʃən/

(Christianity) celebration of the Ascension of Christ into heaven; observed on the 40th day after Easter

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

assertverbUS /əˈsɜːrt/

state categorically

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

bossesnounUS /ˈbɔːsɪz/

plural of “boss” — a person who exercises control over workers

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

bustlenounUS /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

CatholicadjectiveUS /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

choresnounUS /tʃɔːrz/

plural of “chore” — a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

citizennounUS /ˈsɪtəzən/

a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

constitutionnounUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/

law determining the fundamental political principles of a government

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

CreeknounUS /kriːk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

denyverbUS /dɪˈnaɪ/

declare untrue; contradict

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

dictatesnounUS /dɪkˈteɪts/

plural of “dictate” — an authoritative rule

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

farm-houses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

federaladjectiveUS /ˈfedərəl/

national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

guaranteesnounUS /ˌɡerənˈtiːz/

plural of “guarantee” — a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifications

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

hereticaladjectiveUS /hərˈetɪkəl/

characterized by departure from accepted beliefs or standards

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

HiredadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪərd/

having services engaged for a fee

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

householdnounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊld/

a social unit living together

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

ignoreverbUS /ˌɪɡˈnɔːr/

refuse to acknowledge

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MASS IN A SHANTY.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

MASSnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading MASS IN A SHANTY.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

mistressesnounUS /ˈmɪstrəsəz/

plural of “mistress” — an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

practicallyadverbUS /ˈpræktɪkli/

almost; nearly

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

preparationnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/

the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

ProtestantnounUS /ˈprɑːtəstənt/

an adherent of Protestantism

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

sectsnounUS /sekts/

plural of “sect” — a subdivision of a larger religious group

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

shamenounUS /ʃeɪm/

a painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

SHANTYnounUS /ˈʃænti/

small crude shelter used as a dwelling

From this reading MASS IN A SHANTY.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

swayverbUS /sweɪ/

move back and forth or sideways

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

ThursdaynounUS /ˈθɜːrzdeɪ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

toleratedverbUS /ˈtɑːləreɪtɪd/

past form of “tolerate” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

violentadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪələnt/

acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was great bustle and preparation in the valley of R---- Creek, on Ascension Thursday.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

worshipverbUS /ˈwɜːrʃəp/

love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading Many and violent also were the arguments that passed between Catholic servants and their heretical masters and mistresses, on one hand to ignore, and on the other to assert, the right to worship according to one's conscience.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Hired men were up at _three_ o'clock that morning to do "chores," and hired girls were busy the night before in arranging the household, so that the female _bosses_ of the several farm-houses would be able to find all things in order.

YesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading Yes, to their shame be it told, the Protestant sects in America, as they do in all countries where they have sway or are tolerated, practically deny that article of the federal constitution that guarantees the right to every citizen to worship God according to the dictates of conscience or individual judgment.

Chapter 10 of The Cross and the Shamrock by Hugh Quigley holds 192 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Cross and the Shamrock contain?

Chapter 10 holds 192 sentences of The Cross and the Shamrock, unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Cross and the Shamrock by Hugh Quigley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 192 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Cross and the Shamrock?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 39 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Cross and the Shamrock

Common questions about reading The Cross and the Shamrock by Hugh Quigley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Cross and the Shamrock?

Yes. All 2405 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16958 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Cross and the Shamrock is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16958, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Cross and the Shamrock take to read?

About 200 minutes of reading across 481 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Cross and the Shamrock section by section

How to work through The Cross and the Shamrock section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of The Cross and the Shamrock to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Cross and the Shamrock

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Cross and the Shamrock, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Death-bed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cross and the Shamrock; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scene
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cross and the Shamrock; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cross and the Shamrock; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Month
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Cross and the Shamrock; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.