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The Crossing
The Crossing

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Crossing is here in full — 601 sentences across 121 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/120 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.
The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.
I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.
The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.
But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Crossing

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Crossing is here in full — 601 sentences across 121 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/120 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.
/aɪ ʃæl ˈbɜːrdən noʊ wʌn wɪð ðə draɪ ˈkrɑːnɪkəlz ʌv ə lɔː ˈɔːfɪs/
Line 2
The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.
Line 3
I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.
/aɪ lækt nɑːt ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə θriː jɪrz ʌv maɪ steɪ ɪn ˈrɪtʃmənd ənd tuː ɜːrn maɪ ˈlɪvɪŋ aɪ wɜːrkt æt sʌtʃ ɑːd tæsks æz keɪm maɪ weɪ/
Line 4
The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.
Line 5
But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.
/bʌt hiː wɑːz ˈpeɪnsteɪkɪŋ ənd ˈkɔːʃəs ənd aɪ suːn faʊnd aʊt ðæt hiː lʊkt əˈskæns əˈpɑːn ˈeni wʌn huːm hɪz ˈnefjuː maɪt ˌrekəˈmend/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

askance adverb US /əˈskæns/

with suspicion or disapproval

From this reading “But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.”

choleric adjective US /ˈkɑːlərɪk/

easily moved to anger

From this reading “The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.”

chronicles noun US /ˈkrɑːnɪkəlz/

plural of “chronicle” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading “I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.”

painstaking adjective US /ˈpeɪnsteɪkɪŋ/

characterized by extreme care and great effort

From this reading “But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.”

Richmond noun US /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading “I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.”

slower adverb US /ˈsloʊər/

more slowly

From this reading “The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.”

tasks noun US /tæsks/

plural of “task” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading “I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.”

trait noun US /treɪt/

a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading “The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

acquirement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

applicationnounUS /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/

the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

askanceadverbUS /əˈskæns/

with suspicion or disapproval

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

burdennounUS /ˈbɜːrdən/

an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

cautiousadjectiveUS /ˈkɔːʃəs/

showing careful forethought

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

cholericadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːlərɪk/

easily moved to anger

From this reading The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.

chroniclesnounUS /ˈkrɑːnɪkəlz/

plural of “chronicle” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

Colfax

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

earnverbUS /ɜːrn/

earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.

JudgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.

lackedverbUS /lækt/

past form of “lack” — be without

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

MajoradjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

nephewnounUS /ˈnefjuː/

a son of your brother or sister

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

oddadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

painstakingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnsteɪkɪŋ/

characterized by extreme care and great effort

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

perchanceadverbUS /pərˈtʃæns/

through chance

From this reading The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.

processverbUS /ˈprɑːses/

subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition

From this reading The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.

recommendverbUS /ˌrekəˈmend/

push for something

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

resembledverbUS /rɪˈzembəld/

past form of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.

RichmondnounUS /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.

sloweradverbUS /ˈsloʊər/

more slowly

From this reading The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

tasksnounUS /tæsks/

plural of “task” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

tellingadjectiveUS /ˈtelɪŋ/

disclosing unintentionally something concealed

From this reading The acquirement of learning is a slow process in life, and perchance a slower one in the telling.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

traitnounUS /treɪt/

a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Judge resembled Major Colfax in but one trait: he was choleric.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But he was painstaking and cautious, and I soon found out that he looked askance upon any one whom his nephew might recommend.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I shall burden no one with the dry chronicles of a law office.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading I lacked not application during the three years of my stay in Richmond, and to earn my living I worked at such odd tasks as came my way.

Chapter 20 of The Crossing by Winston Churchill holds 601 sentences, grouped into 121 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Crossing contain?

Chapter 20 holds 601 sentences of The Crossing, unabridged, divided into 121 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Crossing by Winston Churchill exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 601 sentences, grouped into 121 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Crossing?

Work through the 121 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 121 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crossing

Common questions about reading The Crossing by Winston Churchill on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crossing?

Yes. All 13346 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #388 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crossing is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #388, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crossing take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2670 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Crossing section by section

How to work through The Crossing section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of The Crossing to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Crossing

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crossing, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Under
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crossing; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ridge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crossing; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crossing; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Light
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crossing; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.