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The Crown of Life
The Crown of Life

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Crown of Life is here in full — 185 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Crown of Life
Context Illustration Reading 23/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Arnold was interested.
He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.
"Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.
He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.
His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Crown of Life

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Crown of Life is here in full — 185 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 23/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 111–115

Line 1
Arnold was interested.
/ˈɑːrnəld wɑːz ˈɪntrəstɪd/
Line 2
He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.
Line 3
"Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.
Line 4
He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.
/hiː siːmz tuː spiːk hæf ə ˈdʌzən ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz ɪn pərˈfekʃən aɪ bɪˈliːv hiː wɑːz bɔːrn ɪn ˈswɪtsərlənd/
Line 5
His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arnold noun US /ˈɑːrnəld/

English poet and literary critic (1822-1888)

From this reading “Arnold was interested.”

chemistry noun US /ˈkeməstri/

the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions

From this reading “"Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.”

Geneva noun US /dʒəˈniːvə/

a city in southwestern Switzerland at the western end of Lake Geneva; it is the headquarters of various international organizations

From this reading “"Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.”

languages noun US /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading “He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.”

museum noun US /mjuːˈziːəm/

a depository for collecting and displaying objects having scientific or historical or artistic value

From this reading “His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.”

Piers noun US /pɪrz/

plural of “pier” — a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats

From this reading “"Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.”

Surrey noun US /ˈsɜːri/

a county in southeastern England on the Thames

From this reading “His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.”

Switzerland noun US /ˈswɪtsərlənd/

a landlocked federal republic in central Europe

From this reading “He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

armourynoun

a collection of resources

From this reading His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.

ArnoldnounUS /ˈɑːrnəld/

English poet and literary critic (1822-1888)

From this reading Arnold was interested.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.

chemistrynounUS /ˈkeməstri/

the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.

GenevanounUS /dʒəˈniːvə/

a city in southwestern Switzerland at the western end of Lake Geneva; it is the headquarters of various international organizations

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.

Hannaford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.

interestedadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern

From this reading Arnold was interested.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

languagesnounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

museumnounUS /mjuːˈziːəm/

a depository for collecting and displaying objects having scientific or historical or artistic value

From this reading His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

perfectionnounUS /pərˈfekʃən/

the state of being without a flaw or defect

From this reading He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.

PiersnounUS /pɪrz/

plural of “pier” — a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.

respondedverbUS /rɪˈspɑːndɪd/

past form of “respond” — show a response or a reaction to something

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.

slightestadjectiveUS /ˈslaɪtəst/

superlative of “slight” — (quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with “a”) at least some

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.

SurreynounUS /ˈsɜːri/

a county in southeastern England on the Thames

From this reading His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.

SwitzerlandnounUS /ˈswɪtsərlənd/

a landlocked federal republic in central Europe

From this reading He seems to speak half a dozen languages in perfection; I believe he was born in Switzerland.

teachernounUS /ˈtiːtʃər/

a person whose occupation is teaching

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading "Not long ago," Piers responded, "he was a teacher of chemistry at Geneva--I got to know him there.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Arnold was interested.

weaponsnounUS /ˈwepənz/

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading His house down in Surrey is a museum of modern weapons--a regular armoury.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He had only the slightest acquaintance with Hannaford, and would like to hear more of him.

Chapter 1 of The Crown of Life by George Gissing holds 185 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Crown of Life contain?

Chapter 1 holds 185 sentences of The Crown of Life, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Crown of Life by George Gissing exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 185 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Crown of Life?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crown of Life

Common questions about reading The Crown of Life by George Gissing on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crown of Life?

Yes. All 7937 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4541 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crown of Life is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4541, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crown of Life take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1588 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Crown of Life section by section

How to work through The Crown of Life section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 36 chapters of The Crown of Life to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Crown of Life

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crown of Life, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Straying
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crown of Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kensington
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crown of Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gardens
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crown of Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pleasant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crown of Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.