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The Crown of Life
The Crown of Life

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Crown of Life is here in full — 205 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The passionate temperament is necessarily sanguine.
To desire with all one's being is the same thing as to hope.
In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.
Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.
Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Crown of Life

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of The Crown of Life is here in full — 205 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The passionate temperament is necessarily sanguine.
/ðə ˈpæʃənət ˈtemprəmənt ɪz ˌnesəˈserəli ˈsæŋɡwɪn/
Line 2
To desire with all one's being is the same thing as to hope.
Line 3
In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.
Line 4
Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.
Line 5
Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

defies verb US /dɪˈfaɪz/

third-person singular of “defy” — resist or confront with resistance

From this reading “In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.”

destructive adjective US /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/

causing destruction or much damage

From this reading “Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.”

discourage verb US /dɪˈskɜːrɪdʒ/

try to prevent; show opposition to

From this reading “In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.”

discouragement noun US /dɪˈskɜːrɪdʒmənt/

the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles

From this reading “In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.”

idealism noun US /aɪˈdiːlɪzəm/

(philosophy) the philosophical theory that ideas are the only reality

From this reading “Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.”

Piers noun US /pɪrz/

plural of “pier” — a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats

From this reading “In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.”

probes noun US /proʊbz/

plural of “probe” — an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities

From this reading “In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.”

tends verb US /tendz/

third-person singular of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading “In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading To desire with all one's being is the same thing as to hope.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.

appearancesnounUS /əˈpɪrənsəz/

plural of “appearance” — outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading To desire with all one's being is the same thing as to hope.

ascendentnoun

position or state of being dominant or in control

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading To desire with all one's being is the same thing as to hope.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.

defiesverbUS /dɪˈfaɪz/

third-person singular of “defy” — resist or confront with resistance

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading To desire with all one's being is the same thing as to hope.

destructiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/

causing destruction or much damage

From this reading Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.

discourageverbUS /dɪˈskɜːrɪdʒ/

try to prevent; show opposition to

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

discouragementnounUS /dɪˈskɜːrɪdʒmənt/

the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

fervours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.

HenceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading To desire with all one's being is the same thing as to hope.

idealismnounUS /aɪˈdiːlɪzəm/

(philosophy) the philosophical theory that ideas are the only reality

From this reading Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.

illusionsnounUS /ˌɪˈluːʒənz/

plural of “illusion” — an erroneous mental representation

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

inconsistentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt/

displaying a lack of consistency

From this reading Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.

intellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The passionate temperament is necessarily sanguine.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

moodsnounUS /muːdz/

plural of “mood” — a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading The passionate temperament is necessarily sanguine.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

oftadverbUS /ɔːft/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To desire with all one's being is the same thing as to hope.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

Otway's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

passionateadjectiveUS /ˈpæʃənət/

having or expressing strong emotions

From this reading The passionate temperament is necessarily sanguine.

PiersnounUS /pɪrz/

plural of “pier” — a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

probesnounUS /proʊbz/

plural of “probe” — an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading To desire with all one's being is the same thing as to hope.

sanguineadjectiveUS /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

confidently optimistic and cheerful

From this reading The passionate temperament is necessarily sanguine.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

temperamentnounUS /ˈtemprəmənt/

your usual mood

From this reading The passionate temperament is necessarily sanguine.

tendsverbUS /tendz/

third-person singular of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The passionate temperament is necessarily sanguine.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Hence his fervours of idealism, and the habit of destructive criticism which seemed inconsistent with them.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading To desire with all one's being is the same thing as to hope.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To desire with all one's being is the same thing as to hope.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

varyingadjectiveUS /ˈveriɪŋ/

marked by diversity or difference

From this reading Hence his oft varying moods, as the one or the other part of him became ascendent.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In Piers Otway's case, the temper which defies discouragement existed together with the intellect which ever tends to discourage, with the mind which probes appearances, makes war upon illusions.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading To desire with all one's being is the same thing as to hope.

Chapter 20 of The Crown of Life by George Gissing holds 205 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Crown of Life contain?

Chapter 20 holds 205 sentences of The Crown of Life, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Crown of Life by George Gissing exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 205 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Crown of Life?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Crown of Life

Common questions about reading The Crown of Life by George Gissing on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Crown of Life?

Yes. All 7937 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4541 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Crown of Life is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4541, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Crown of Life take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1588 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Crown of Life section by section

How to work through The Crown of Life section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 36 chapters of The Crown of Life to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Crown of Life

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Crown of Life, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Straying
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crown of Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kensington
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crown of Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gardens
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crown of Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pleasant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Crown of Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.